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<p>Nanotechnology is advancing rapidly in the biomedical field, with nanofibers playing a pivotal role due to their exceptional mechanical properties, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, and versatility in drug delivery applications. This review highlights recent progress in nanofiber fabrication techniques, particularly electrospinning, and examines their growing utility in areas such as wound healing, targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, cancer treatment, tissue engineering, and biosensing. The ability of nanofibers to control drug-release kinetics, enhance biocompatibility, and mimic the extracellular matrix has significantly broadened their therapeutic potential. To develop a comprehensive perspective, we analysed current research trends, with a focus on emerging technologies such as nanoparticle-integrated nanofibers, stimuli-responsive systems, and the integration of nanofibers with 3D printing. Despite their promise, key challenges, including issues related to scalability, manufacturing costs, long-term biocompatibility, and regulatory approval, continue to limit clinical translation. Addressing these barriers, alongside advancements in precision manufacturing and interdisciplinary collaboration, will be essential for unlocking the full potential of nanofibers in modern biomedical applications.</p>

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Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications: Recent Developments and Challenges

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月11日

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  • Vandhana Vijayakumar,
  • Thirumalaikumaran Rathinam

摘要

Nanotechnology is advancing rapidly in the biomedical field, with nanofibers playing a pivotal role due to their exceptional mechanical properties, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, and versatility in drug delivery applications. This review highlights recent progress in nanofiber fabrication techniques, particularly electrospinning, and examines their growing utility in areas such as wound healing, targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, cancer treatment, tissue engineering, and biosensing. The ability of nanofibers to control drug-release kinetics, enhance biocompatibility, and mimic the extracellular matrix has significantly broadened their therapeutic potential. To develop a comprehensive perspective, we analysed current research trends, with a focus on emerging technologies such as nanoparticle-integrated nanofibers, stimuli-responsive systems, and the integration of nanofibers with 3D printing. Despite their promise, key challenges, including issues related to scalability, manufacturing costs, long-term biocompatibility, and regulatory approval, continue to limit clinical translation. Addressing these barriers, alongside advancements in precision manufacturing and interdisciplinary collaboration, will be essential for unlocking the full potential of nanofibers in modern biomedical applications.