Design and Simulation of Compact Array Antenna for mm Wave Wireless Biomedical Systems
摘要
The contemporary communication landscape necessitates antennas with broad bandwidth, high gain, and reduced dimensions for optimal performance across diverse frequency ranges. An innovative fractal array antenna is designed with a hybrid three-way power divider; the antenna achieves a broad, long-range directional beam within a compact 100 mm2 area using a 1.6 mm Roger substrate. Moreover, the proposed antenna exhibits a wide bandwidth notch around 80 GHz, boasting a 37.61 GHz bandwidth and 48.87% fractional coverage across the 24–100 GHz spectrum. The Proposed antenna design comprises two symmetry and ten-element fractal antennae resonating at 80 GHz, spanning a frequency range from 58.14 to 95.75 GHz. With a compact size, it attains a peak gain of 8.83 dBi and a nearly matched impedance of about 50 Ohm, indicated by a voltage standing wave ratio of approximately 1.027, respectively. In mm-wave applications, the antenna demonstrates enhanced radiation characteristics concerning phi = 0°, 90°, and theta 90° orientations. The proposed antenna, with a minimum reflection coefficient of − 37.94 dB and isotropic sensitivity of − 2.15 dB, demonstrates exceptional impedance matching and signal reception, essential for wireless biomedical systems. Operating efficiently in the 80 GHz band supports high data rate transmission and low-latency communication, which are vital for real-time health monitoring, implantable devices, and body area networks. The high front-to-back ratio of 22 dB ensures minimized interference and enhanced directional performance, crucial in densely populated environments like hospitals with diverse communication needs ranging from short-range diagnostics to long-range telemetry. At the same time, its compact structure makes it suitable for integration into wearable or implantable platforms. The robust radiation characteristics across multiple orientations support mobility and adaptability in dynamic biomedical scenarios. Thus, the antenna’s performance metrics align well with next-generation wireless biomedical communication systems' stringent reliability, precision, and miniaturization demands.