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<p>Diabetes mellitus is a long-term metabolic disorder that leads to high blood glucose levels, increasing the risk of serious complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, and nerve damage. Regular monitoring of blood glucose is essential for managing diabetes effectively. Traditional self-monitoring methods require frequent finger pricking, which can be painful and inconvenient. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems offer an advanced approach by providing real-time glucose readings, helping patients and healthcare professionals make better treatment decisions. This review covers the working principles, accuracy, and clinical benefits of CGM systems. These devices use a small sensor under the skin to measure glucose levels in interstitial fluid, transmitting data to a receiver or smartphone for continuous tracking. Accuracy is evaluated using the Mean Absolute Relative Difference (MARD), with recent devices showing significant improvements. Advanced CGM models like Dexcom G7, FreeStyle Libre 3, Eversense 365, and Simplera offer longer wear time, better connectivity, and improved usability. Researchers are also developing non-invasive CGM technologies to enhance patient comfort and adherence, further advancing diabetes management. CGM systems have greatly improved diabetes management by reducing complications and enhancing the quality of life of patients. Notwithstanding this, challenges of sensor accuracy remain. Future research should focus on making CGM technology more affordable, enhancing accuracy, and integrating artificial intelligence to improve data analysis. With ongoing innovation, CGM can be a global tool for diabetes management.</p>

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Advancements in Continuous Glucose Monitoring: a Revolution in Diabetes Management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月23日

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  • Kondreddy Vinod Kumar,
  • Kamal Raj Yerraguntla,
  • Maruthi Prasad Jenne,
  • Abhilash Gadi,
  • Akhila Sepoori,
  • Anusha Gunda,
  • Madhu Sri Gudivada

摘要

Diabetes mellitus is a long-term metabolic disorder that leads to high blood glucose levels, increasing the risk of serious complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, and nerve damage. Regular monitoring of blood glucose is essential for managing diabetes effectively. Traditional self-monitoring methods require frequent finger pricking, which can be painful and inconvenient. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems offer an advanced approach by providing real-time glucose readings, helping patients and healthcare professionals make better treatment decisions. This review covers the working principles, accuracy, and clinical benefits of CGM systems. These devices use a small sensor under the skin to measure glucose levels in interstitial fluid, transmitting data to a receiver or smartphone for continuous tracking. Accuracy is evaluated using the Mean Absolute Relative Difference (MARD), with recent devices showing significant improvements. Advanced CGM models like Dexcom G7, FreeStyle Libre 3, Eversense 365, and Simplera offer longer wear time, better connectivity, and improved usability. Researchers are also developing non-invasive CGM technologies to enhance patient comfort and adherence, further advancing diabetes management. CGM systems have greatly improved diabetes management by reducing complications and enhancing the quality of life of patients. Notwithstanding this, challenges of sensor accuracy remain. Future research should focus on making CGM technology more affordable, enhancing accuracy, and integrating artificial intelligence to improve data analysis. With ongoing innovation, CGM can be a global tool for diabetes management.