<p>The advancement of nanotechnology in biomedical sciences has led to the development of intelligent drug delivery systems that enhance therapeutic outcomes. Among these, cubosomes—lipid-based nanoparticles with a bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline structure—offer significant potential due to their structural versatility and drug loading capacity. This review aims to explore the structural characteristics, preparation techniques, and therapeutic applications of cubosomes, particularly in the context of cancer therapy and other biomedical applications. Emphasis is placed on their role as next-generation nanocarriers for versatile drug delivery systems. Relevant literature was reviewed to provide a comprehensive analysis of cubosomal properties, including self-assembly behavior, bioadhesion, biocompatibility, and drug encapsulation efficiency. Preparation methods and routes of administration (oral, transdermal, ophthalmic, etc.) were also evaluated. Cubosomes demonstrate the capacity to encapsulate hydrophilic, lipophilic, and amphiphilic drugs, offering enhanced stability, controlled release, and tumor-targeted delivery. Their resemblance to vesicular systems like liposomes, combined with superior bioadhesive and biocompatible traits, positions them as effective nanocarriers for diverse pharmaceutical applications. Cubosomes present a transformative approach in modern drug delivery, especially for cancer treatment, by enabling multifunctional therapeutic strategies. However, challenges such as scale-up stability and in vivo performance must be addressed to fully realize their clinical potential. This review provides a detailed overview of current advancements and future prospects in cubosome-based nanomedicine.</p> Graphical Abstract <p>Cubosome formation (top-down and bottom-up), anticancer drug loading, characterization techniques, and enhanced therapeutic outcomes.</p> <p></p>