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<p>Ferric nanoparticles (FeNPs) are widely used in various biomedical applications, including drug delivery, protein separation, hyperthermia therapy and molecular imaging. The green synthesis approach using <i>Madhuca indica</i> not only provides a cost-effective and eco-friendly method for FeNPs but also enhances their biocompatibility. Structural analysis of the synthesized FeNPs, conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), revealed an average particle size of 6&#xa0;nm with irregular, spherical, and agglomerated morphology. The antioxidant activity of FeNPs was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays demonstrated a strong free radical scavenging capacity, with an inhibition rate of approximately 90% at higher concentrations (50&#xa0;µg/mL), confirming their potential as effective scavengers of reactive oxygen species. Cytotoxicity assessment using zebrafish embryos and brine shrimp indicated that FeNPs at lower concentrations (5–10&#xa0;µg/mL) were biocompatible with no significant morphological or behavioral abnormalities. The hatching rate of zebrafish embryos remained high at these concentrations as 100%, further supporting the safety profile of FeNPs within this dosage range. However, higher concentrations exhibited dose-dependent toxicity, emphasizing the need for controlled dosage in biomedical applications. This study suggests that FeNPs hold promise for biomedical use, particularly in antioxidant and therapeutic applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Evaluating the Toxicity Profile of Green-Synthesized Ferric Nanoparticles Using Madhuca indica in a Zebrafish Model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月2日

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  • Archana Behera,
  • Nakshatara Ranjith,
  • Sathishkumar Balasubramani,
  • Iadalin Ryntathiang,
  • Mukesh Kumar Dharmalingam Jothinathan

摘要

Ferric nanoparticles (FeNPs) are widely used in various biomedical applications, including drug delivery, protein separation, hyperthermia therapy and molecular imaging. The green synthesis approach using Madhuca indica not only provides a cost-effective and eco-friendly method for FeNPs but also enhances their biocompatibility. Structural analysis of the synthesized FeNPs, conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), revealed an average particle size of 6 nm with irregular, spherical, and agglomerated morphology. The antioxidant activity of FeNPs was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays demonstrated a strong free radical scavenging capacity, with an inhibition rate of approximately 90% at higher concentrations (50 µg/mL), confirming their potential as effective scavengers of reactive oxygen species. Cytotoxicity assessment using zebrafish embryos and brine shrimp indicated that FeNPs at lower concentrations (5–10 µg/mL) were biocompatible with no significant morphological or behavioral abnormalities. The hatching rate of zebrafish embryos remained high at these concentrations as 100%, further supporting the safety profile of FeNPs within this dosage range. However, higher concentrations exhibited dose-dependent toxicity, emphasizing the need for controlled dosage in biomedical applications. This study suggests that FeNPs hold promise for biomedical use, particularly in antioxidant and therapeutic applications.

Graphical Abstract