<p>Polymeric microneedles (MNs) are an innovative biomedical technology that enables minimally invasive transdermal drug delivery and biosensing, enhancing patient compliance and therapeutic efficiency. This review categorizes MNs into solid, dissolving, hollow, and hydrogel-forming types, highlighting their adaptability for efficient drug delivery and real-time diagnostics. Advances in materials, including conductive polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), have enhanced MNs’ electrical properties, biocompatibility, and mechanical performance, broadening their applications in healthcare. Key innovations, like nanostructured coatings, improved delivery mechanisms, and integration into wearable devices, are discussed alongside critical challenges such as scalable production and regulatory compliance. Addressing these challenges will further optimize MN technologies for personalized medicine, enabling more efficient targeted therapies and diagnostic applications while ensuring scalability and regulatory compliance.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Polymeric Microneedles for Biomedical Applications: Innovations in Transdermal Drug Delivery and Biosensing Technologies

  • Wendel A. Alves,
  • Jose E. U. Rojas,
  • Ana C. H. Castro-Kochi,
  • Leandro T. Kochi,
  • Ana C. D. L. V. Reis,
  • Freddy A. N. Esteves,
  • Priscila S. Ferreira,
  • Fabíola L. de Castro,
  • Rafael C. Otoni,
  • Jonas B. Barreto,
  • Vivian L. de Oliveira,
  • Ana A. Zaneli

摘要

Polymeric microneedles (MNs) are an innovative biomedical technology that enables minimally invasive transdermal drug delivery and biosensing, enhancing patient compliance and therapeutic efficiency. This review categorizes MNs into solid, dissolving, hollow, and hydrogel-forming types, highlighting their adaptability for efficient drug delivery and real-time diagnostics. Advances in materials, including conductive polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), have enhanced MNs’ electrical properties, biocompatibility, and mechanical performance, broadening their applications in healthcare. Key innovations, like nanostructured coatings, improved delivery mechanisms, and integration into wearable devices, are discussed alongside critical challenges such as scalable production and regulatory compliance. Addressing these challenges will further optimize MN technologies for personalized medicine, enabling more efficient targeted therapies and diagnostic applications while ensuring scalability and regulatory compliance.

Graphical Abstract