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<p>In recent years, designing alloys with diverse elements or high entropy alloys (HEAs) has received significant research interest for biomedical applications, particularly bone repair techniques that use materials with excellent strength and biocompatibility. This review paper transitions from the core HEA concept to factors influencing cell-material interactions. The application area for Bio-HEA was not only fixed to orthopaedic implants; prospects in photothermal, bioimaging, biosensors, and therapeutics have also been discussed. Another focus of this review is identifying suitable elements that can elucidate reduced toxicity with enhanced antimicrobial activity. Critical discussions on lowering elastic modulus techniques for bio-HEAs have been provided that mitigate stress-shielding effect-related implant rejection. Further, corrosion and wear resistance and their impact on cellular functions have been discussed. Synthesis of HEA as a bulk material and the nuances of HEA as a nanoparticle have been discussed along with high entropy-based other systems for biomedical applications. The review further delves into HEA composite fabrication and its applicability as a coating material. Concepts like strength-ductility trade-off, the impact of elemental alloy composition on corrosion and other physical properties, strengthening mechanism, and single-phase stability concepts were discussed in connection to the Bio-HEA. The paper concludes by identifying the present challenges limiting the clinical translation of HEAs and exploring future in-depth research directions involving computational modelling and advanced manufacturing to optimize HEAs for biomedical use further.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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A Review on High Entropy Alloys as Metallic Biomaterials: Fabrication, Properties, Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月21日

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  • Jaideep Adhikari,
  • Prerona Saha,
  • Pritam Mandal,
  • Sudip Kumar Sinha,
  • Asiful H. Seikh,
  • Jabair A. Mohammed,
  • Manojit Ghosh

摘要

In recent years, designing alloys with diverse elements or high entropy alloys (HEAs) has received significant research interest for biomedical applications, particularly bone repair techniques that use materials with excellent strength and biocompatibility. This review paper transitions from the core HEA concept to factors influencing cell-material interactions. The application area for Bio-HEA was not only fixed to orthopaedic implants; prospects in photothermal, bioimaging, biosensors, and therapeutics have also been discussed. Another focus of this review is identifying suitable elements that can elucidate reduced toxicity with enhanced antimicrobial activity. Critical discussions on lowering elastic modulus techniques for bio-HEAs have been provided that mitigate stress-shielding effect-related implant rejection. Further, corrosion and wear resistance and their impact on cellular functions have been discussed. Synthesis of HEA as a bulk material and the nuances of HEA as a nanoparticle have been discussed along with high entropy-based other systems for biomedical applications. The review further delves into HEA composite fabrication and its applicability as a coating material. Concepts like strength-ductility trade-off, the impact of elemental alloy composition on corrosion and other physical properties, strengthening mechanism, and single-phase stability concepts were discussed in connection to the Bio-HEA. The paper concludes by identifying the present challenges limiting the clinical translation of HEAs and exploring future in-depth research directions involving computational modelling and advanced manufacturing to optimize HEAs for biomedical use further.

Graphical Abstract