<p>Green synthesis of nanoparticles has gained significant attention as an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical and physical methods, leveraging biological resources such as plants, bacteria, fungi and algae. This approach minimizes the use of hazardous chemicals, reduces energy consumption and improves the biocompatibility of nanoparticles, making it particularly suitable for biomedical and environmental applications. This review delves into recent advancements in green synthesis techniques, with a specific focus on the biomolecules involved in stabilizing and enhancing the properties of nanoparticles. The biomedical applications of green synthesized nanoparticles are of particular interest, with promising uses in areas such as drug delivery, bio imaging, antimicrobial therapies and cancer treatment. These nanoparticles offer advantages in terms of targeted delivery, reduced toxicity and improved therapeutic efficacy compared to traditional methods. The review also highlights the challenges faced in scaling up green synthesis processes, ensuring reproducibility, and comprehensively understanding the complex mechanisms behind the formation and functionalization of these nanoparticles. Furthermore, it proposes future research directions to overcome these challenges, including the optimization of synthesis protocols, deeper mechanistic studies and the development of more robust and reproducible techniques. In conclusion, the review underscores the transformative potential of green synthesized nanoparticles in addressing global health and environmental challenges.</p>