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<p>The integration of circular economy (CE) and zero-waste principles into hydroponic agriculture offers a system-level pathway for addressing resource scarcity, nutrient losses, and environmental degradation associated with conventional linear farming. This study develops a structured conceptual and analytical framework that operationalizes CE principles within hydroponic systems through defined system boundaries, closed-loop resource configurations, and a multidimensional performance assessment model. The research employs system mapping, resource-flow analysis, and indicator structuring to translate circular design strategies into measurable environmental, operational, and economic metrics. Unlike prior reviews that primarily discuss conceptual alignment or isolated efficiency gains, this study contributes: (i) a system-boundary-based circular design taxonomy for hydroponic configurations, (ii) an integrated indicator set linking resource circulation efficiency, system stability, and economic resilience, and (iii) a comparative assessment logic distinguishing linear, partial recirculation, and near-zero discharge systems. The analytical results show that circular hydroponic configurations improve resource retention through continuous nutrient recirculation and controlled dosing, minimize discharge via closed-loop management, and enhance operational stability when buffering capacities across water, nutrient, and energy subsystems are aligned. Secondary resource integration, including biomass valorisation and nutrient recovery, further increases system-level circularity and reduces external input dependency. The study identifies capacity balance and feedback control as critical determinants of sustainability performance in tightly coupled bio-physical production systems. By shifting evaluation from yield maximization to resource productivity, variability management, and value retention, the proposed framework advances sustainability assessment in hydroponic agriculture. The resulting model provides a transferable analytical foundation for circular system design, resilience enhancement, and policy-supported scaling of climate-adaptive food production systems.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Integration of circular economy and zero-waste practices with hydroponics for sustainable agriculture

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Abhijeet Das,
  • Satchidananda Mishra

摘要

The integration of circular economy (CE) and zero-waste principles into hydroponic agriculture offers a system-level pathway for addressing resource scarcity, nutrient losses, and environmental degradation associated with conventional linear farming. This study develops a structured conceptual and analytical framework that operationalizes CE principles within hydroponic systems through defined system boundaries, closed-loop resource configurations, and a multidimensional performance assessment model. The research employs system mapping, resource-flow analysis, and indicator structuring to translate circular design strategies into measurable environmental, operational, and economic metrics. Unlike prior reviews that primarily discuss conceptual alignment or isolated efficiency gains, this study contributes: (i) a system-boundary-based circular design taxonomy for hydroponic configurations, (ii) an integrated indicator set linking resource circulation efficiency, system stability, and economic resilience, and (iii) a comparative assessment logic distinguishing linear, partial recirculation, and near-zero discharge systems. The analytical results show that circular hydroponic configurations improve resource retention through continuous nutrient recirculation and controlled dosing, minimize discharge via closed-loop management, and enhance operational stability when buffering capacities across water, nutrient, and energy subsystems are aligned. Secondary resource integration, including biomass valorisation and nutrient recovery, further increases system-level circularity and reduces external input dependency. The study identifies capacity balance and feedback control as critical determinants of sustainability performance in tightly coupled bio-physical production systems. By shifting evaluation from yield maximization to resource productivity, variability management, and value retention, the proposed framework advances sustainability assessment in hydroponic agriculture. The resulting model provides a transferable analytical foundation for circular system design, resilience enhancement, and policy-supported scaling of climate-adaptive food production systems.

Graphical Abstract