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<p>The presence of veterinary antibiotic pollutants (VAPs) in wastewater poses serious risks to aquatic ecosystems, microbial diversity, and public health. These contaminants result from the widespread use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine and exhibit significant challenges for removal through traditional wastewater treatment techniques. Nature-based solutions (NBS) like constructed wetlands, phytoremediation, phycoremediation, and biochar applications have surfaced as sustainable and environmentally friendly options for addressing pollutant treatment. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the mechanisms, efficiencies, and applicability of NBS for VAPs removal. Constructed wetlands utilize natural processes to break down antibiotics, offering lower capital costs compared to traditional treatment systems and necessitating minimal operational effort. Phytoremediation utilizes particular plant species to take up, break down, or alter pollutants, whereas phycoremediation harnesses microalgae to effectively decompose antibiotics into various biotransformed products while generating valuable algal biomass as a by-product. Biochar improves the adsorption and degradation of pollutants, serving as an adaptable medium for the treatment of wastewater. The review also highlights key challenges in implementing NBS, including site-dependent variables, inconsistent removal performance, and limited data on long-term sustainability.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Nature Based Solutions for the Treatment of Veterinary Antibiotic Pollutants from the Wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Ricky Rajamanickam,
  • S. Mari Selvam,
  • Kungkamliu Newmei,
  • Bunushree Behera,
  • H. M. Solayman,
  • Jheng-Jie Jiang,
  • Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian

摘要

The presence of veterinary antibiotic pollutants (VAPs) in wastewater poses serious risks to aquatic ecosystems, microbial diversity, and public health. These contaminants result from the widespread use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine and exhibit significant challenges for removal through traditional wastewater treatment techniques. Nature-based solutions (NBS) like constructed wetlands, phytoremediation, phycoremediation, and biochar applications have surfaced as sustainable and environmentally friendly options for addressing pollutant treatment. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the mechanisms, efficiencies, and applicability of NBS for VAPs removal. Constructed wetlands utilize natural processes to break down antibiotics, offering lower capital costs compared to traditional treatment systems and necessitating minimal operational effort. Phytoremediation utilizes particular plant species to take up, break down, or alter pollutants, whereas phycoremediation harnesses microalgae to effectively decompose antibiotics into various biotransformed products while generating valuable algal biomass as a by-product. Biochar improves the adsorption and degradation of pollutants, serving as an adaptable medium for the treatment of wastewater. The review also highlights key challenges in implementing NBS, including site-dependent variables, inconsistent removal performance, and limited data on long-term sustainability.

Graphical Abstract