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Purpose <p>To develop and evaluate, using an ISO-guided in vitro approach, solution of blow-spun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous mats loaded with doxycycline (DOX) as bioactive scaffolds for bone regeneration and localized antibiotic delivery.</p> Methods <p>PCL solutions (12% m/v, glacial acetic acid) were processed by solution blow spinning with 2, 4, and 8&#xa0;mg/mL of DOX. Solution viscosity and surface tension were measured; SEM and image analysis assessed fiber morphology and diameter; FTIR verified chemical composition. Cytotoxicity of material extracts was tested in L-929 fibroblasts using the MTT assay according to ISO 10993-5:2009. Osteogenic bioactivity was assessed in SAOS-2 cultures by Alizarin Red staining and SEM–EDS analysis of calcium and phosphorus deposition.</p> Results <p>DOX reduced solution viscosity without markedly altering surface tension and did not prevent fiber formation, although higher DOX concentrations increased bead occurrence. FTIR spectra were consistent with DOX incorporation, without apparent degradation. Extracts from 2&#xa0;mg/mL and 4&#xa0;mg/mL DOX mats met the ISO 10993-5 viability acceptance criterion, whereas 8&#xa0;mg/mL DOX fell below this threshold. All groups supported mineralized matrix formation, with qualitatively stronger calcium deposition on 4&#xa0;mg/mL DOX mats than on drug-free or 8&#xa0;mg/mL DOX mats.</p> Conclusion <p>Solution blow-spun PCL–DOX nanofibers, particularly at 4&#xa0;mg/mL DOX, provide ISO-compliant in vitro evidence base for further development as bioactive scaffolds combining structural support and controlled antibiotic delivery. Follow-up work should quantify release kinetics and test performance in more biomimetic, advanced in vitro models.</p>

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Physicochemical and biological evaluation of doxycycline-loaded polycaprolactone nanofibers produced by solution blow spinning for bone regeneration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Lorena G. H. C. Maduro,
  • Bruna N. Teixeira,
  • Fernanda D. Marques,
  • Braulio S. Archanjo,
  • Rossana M. S. M. Thiré,
  • José Mauro Granjeiro,
  • Leonardo Boldrini

摘要

Purpose

To develop and evaluate, using an ISO-guided in vitro approach, solution of blow-spun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous mats loaded with doxycycline (DOX) as bioactive scaffolds for bone regeneration and localized antibiotic delivery.

Methods

PCL solutions (12% m/v, glacial acetic acid) were processed by solution blow spinning with 2, 4, and 8 mg/mL of DOX. Solution viscosity and surface tension were measured; SEM and image analysis assessed fiber morphology and diameter; FTIR verified chemical composition. Cytotoxicity of material extracts was tested in L-929 fibroblasts using the MTT assay according to ISO 10993-5:2009. Osteogenic bioactivity was assessed in SAOS-2 cultures by Alizarin Red staining and SEM–EDS analysis of calcium and phosphorus deposition.

Results

DOX reduced solution viscosity without markedly altering surface tension and did not prevent fiber formation, although higher DOX concentrations increased bead occurrence. FTIR spectra were consistent with DOX incorporation, without apparent degradation. Extracts from 2 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL DOX mats met the ISO 10993-5 viability acceptance criterion, whereas 8 mg/mL DOX fell below this threshold. All groups supported mineralized matrix formation, with qualitatively stronger calcium deposition on 4 mg/mL DOX mats than on drug-free or 8 mg/mL DOX mats.

Conclusion

Solution blow-spun PCL–DOX nanofibers, particularly at 4 mg/mL DOX, provide ISO-compliant in vitro evidence base for further development as bioactive scaffolds combining structural support and controlled antibiotic delivery. Follow-up work should quantify release kinetics and test performance in more biomimetic, advanced in vitro models.