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<p>Small-scale sentiment classification often suffers from data scarcity, which limits the generalization ability of the models. This study evaluates and compares the effectiveness of three data augmentation strategies: Easy Data Augmentation (EDA), back-translation, and contextual token substitution (nlpaug-style), with both traditional machine learning classifiers (Logistic Regression, Random Forest) and transformer-based models (BERT). We perform a comprehensive empirical comparison with low-resource sentiment datasets by summarizing the results of recent studies and performing targeted head-to-head experiments. Our findings indicate that all augmentation methods improve performance. Contextual augmentation yields the most consistent gains for BERT models, while EDA and back-translation provide greater benefits for traditional classifiers. These insights help guide the selection of data augmentation techniques tailored to model type and dataset size, filling a critical gap in research on data augmentation for sentiment classification on small datasets.</p>

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Enhancing sentiment classification on small datasets through data augmentation and transfer learning

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月18日

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  • Mahmoud S. Mayaleh,
  • Samer A. Mayaleh

摘要

Small-scale sentiment classification often suffers from data scarcity, which limits the generalization ability of the models. This study evaluates and compares the effectiveness of three data augmentation strategies: Easy Data Augmentation (EDA), back-translation, and contextual token substitution (nlpaug-style), with both traditional machine learning classifiers (Logistic Regression, Random Forest) and transformer-based models (BERT). We perform a comprehensive empirical comparison with low-resource sentiment datasets by summarizing the results of recent studies and performing targeted head-to-head experiments. Our findings indicate that all augmentation methods improve performance. Contextual augmentation yields the most consistent gains for BERT models, while EDA and back-translation provide greater benefits for traditional classifiers. These insights help guide the selection of data augmentation techniques tailored to model type and dataset size, filling a critical gap in research on data augmentation for sentiment classification on small datasets.