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<p>Achieving Net Zero Energy in Buildings (NZEB) extends beyond engineering, emerging as a multifaceted interaction among design, technology, and human behavior. This paper critically examines innovative strategies driving this paradigm shift. Intelligent passive design is assessed for its ability to harness natural forces, while advances in material science are considered for reducing embodied energy and improving thermal performance. The integration of renewable energy sources, supported by predictive analytics and blockchain-enabled microgrids, is evaluated for its potential to transform buildings into adaptive, energy-positive systems. A circular economy perspective is applied to examine material selection, adaptability, and end-of-life deconstruction across the building lifecycle. By synthesizing these approaches, the study presents a roadmap for buildings that eliminate operational energy demand while contributing to ecological regeneration, redefining interactions between the built and natural environments.</p>

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A comprehensive review on strategies for achieving net zero energy consumption in buildings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Muthukumar Murugesan,
  • Ajithkumar Sitharaj,
  • M Mohanasundaram,
  • K Kalaivanan

摘要

Achieving Net Zero Energy in Buildings (NZEB) extends beyond engineering, emerging as a multifaceted interaction among design, technology, and human behavior. This paper critically examines innovative strategies driving this paradigm shift. Intelligent passive design is assessed for its ability to harness natural forces, while advances in material science are considered for reducing embodied energy and improving thermal performance. The integration of renewable energy sources, supported by predictive analytics and blockchain-enabled microgrids, is evaluated for its potential to transform buildings into adaptive, energy-positive systems. A circular economy perspective is applied to examine material selection, adaptability, and end-of-life deconstruction across the building lifecycle. By synthesizing these approaches, the study presents a roadmap for buildings that eliminate operational energy demand while contributing to ecological regeneration, redefining interactions between the built and natural environments.