<p>T. M. Bisgaard [<CitationRef CitationID="CR1">1</CitationRef>] proved that the <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-algebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {C}[z,\overline{z},z^{-1},\overline{z}^{-1}]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mover> <mi>z</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mi>z</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mover> <mi>z</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>&#xa0; has the moment property, that is, each positive linear functional on this <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-algebra is a moment functional. We generalize this result to polynomials in <i>d</i> variables <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(z_1,\dots ,z_d.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> We prove that there exist <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(3d-2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mi>d</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> linear polynomials as denominators such that the corresponding <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-algebra has the moment property, while for 3 linear polynomials in case <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d=2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> the moment property always fails. Further, it is shown that for the real algebras <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}[x,y,\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (the hermitean part of <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {C}[z,\overline{z},z^{-1},\overline{z}^{-1}]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mover> <mi>z</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mi>z</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mover> <mi>z</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) and <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}[x,y,\frac{x^2}{x^2+y^2},\frac{xy}{x^2+y^2}]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">xy</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, all positive semidefinite elements are sums of squares. These results are used to prove that for the semigroup <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-algebras of <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {Z}^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {N}_0\times \mathbb {Z}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>×</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\textsf{N}}_+:=\{(k,n)\in \mathbb {Z}^2:k+n\ge 0\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">N</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msub> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>:</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, all positive semidefinite elements are sums of hermitean squares.</p>

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Moment property and positivity for some algebras of fractions

  • Claus Scheiderer,
  • Konrad Schmüdgen

摘要

T. M. Bisgaard [1] proved that the \(*\) -algebra \(\mathbb {C}[z,\overline{z},z^{-1},\overline{z}^{-1}]\) C [ z , z ¯ , z - 1 , z ¯ - 1 ]   has the moment property, that is, each positive linear functional on this \(*\) -algebra is a moment functional. We generalize this result to polynomials in d variables \(z_1,\dots ,z_d.\) z 1 , , z d . We prove that there exist \(3d-2\) 3 d - 2 linear polynomials as denominators such that the corresponding \(*\) -algebra has the moment property, while for 3 linear polynomials in case \(d=2\) d = 2 the moment property always fails. Further, it is shown that for the real algebras \(\mathbb {R}[x,y,\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}]\) R [ x , y , 1 x 2 + y 2 ] (the hermitean part of \(\mathbb {C}[z,\overline{z},z^{-1},\overline{z}^{-1}]\) C [ z , z ¯ , z - 1 , z ¯ - 1 ] ) and \(\mathbb {R}[x,y,\frac{x^2}{x^2+y^2},\frac{xy}{x^2+y^2}]\) R [ x , y , x 2 x 2 + y 2 , xy x 2 + y 2 ] , all positive semidefinite elements are sums of squares. These results are used to prove that for the semigroup \(*\) -algebras of \(\mathbb {Z}^2\) Z 2 , \(\mathbb {N}_0\times \mathbb {Z}\) N 0 × Z and \({\textsf{N}}_+:=\{(k,n)\in \mathbb {Z}^2:k+n\ge 0\}\) N + : = { ( k , n ) Z 2 : k + n 0 } , all positive semidefinite elements are sums of hermitean squares.