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<p>Fly ash is a recognized industrial byproduct produced by coal-based power stations, while mill reject is the coal washery waste with a low gross calorific value. Due to the poor rate of utilization, a significant amount of both materials is disposed of, consuming a large area of land and creating geoenvironmental issues. Taking disposal concerns into account, mill rejects, fly ash, and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) were used to develop the controlled low-strength material (CLSM), a substitute for geo-materials. The morphology, mineralogy, chemistry, and physical characteristics of the raw materials were first taken into account. In order to investigate the flowability, bleeding, and fresh density, 12 CLSM mixes with varying proportions of fly ash, mill rejects, and GGBS were prepared with a 2&#xa0;mol NaOH solution in different solution-to-binder ratios. Additionally, each specimen’s hardened characteristics, including hardened unit weight, absorption of water, and compressive strength on cylindrical specimens, were studied in triplicate. With a value between 2 and 7 of the relative flow area, the majority of CLSM were found to be quite flowable, and some of them exhibited self-leveling consistency with a relative flow area above 5. The 28-day UCS was found to be between the suggested range of 0.3&#xa0;MPa to 8.3&#xa0;MPa, but the removability modulus was more than 1.</p>

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Characterization of cementless CLSM as an alternate geo-material, developed from mill reject, fly ash, and GGBS

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月28日

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  • Tulika Gupta,
  • Mahasakti Mahamaya,
  • Shamshad Alam,
  • Sakshi Agrawal

摘要

Fly ash is a recognized industrial byproduct produced by coal-based power stations, while mill reject is the coal washery waste with a low gross calorific value. Due to the poor rate of utilization, a significant amount of both materials is disposed of, consuming a large area of land and creating geoenvironmental issues. Taking disposal concerns into account, mill rejects, fly ash, and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) were used to develop the controlled low-strength material (CLSM), a substitute for geo-materials. The morphology, mineralogy, chemistry, and physical characteristics of the raw materials were first taken into account. In order to investigate the flowability, bleeding, and fresh density, 12 CLSM mixes with varying proportions of fly ash, mill rejects, and GGBS were prepared with a 2 mol NaOH solution in different solution-to-binder ratios. Additionally, each specimen’s hardened characteristics, including hardened unit weight, absorption of water, and compressive strength on cylindrical specimens, were studied in triplicate. With a value between 2 and 7 of the relative flow area, the majority of CLSM were found to be quite flowable, and some of them exhibited self-leveling consistency with a relative flow area above 5. The 28-day UCS was found to be between the suggested range of 0.3 MPa to 8.3 MPa, but the removability modulus was more than 1.