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<p>In this paper, we propose and evaluate two novel millimeter-wave (mmWave) microstrip patch antenna designs for advanced 5G applications. These antennas are engineered for compact size and broadband performance, utilizing low-cost Rogers (RO4450B) substrates. The first antenna demonstrates a multiband response with resonances at 29.26&#xa0;GHz, 114.55&#xa0;GHz, and 138.76&#xa0;GHz, achieving a maximum efficiency of 94%. The second antenna achieves both broadband and multiband operation across frequencies from 30.63 to 335.5&#xa0;GHz, with six operating bands and return losses below − 10&#xa0;dB, including a peak of − 22.56&#xa0;dB. Both designs are modeled and analyzed using CST Microwave Studio and are particularly suitable for high-capacity mmWave wireless systems. Key performance metrics include gain, VSWR, return loss, power loss, and radiation characteristics. This work provides insight into the application of patch modifications and feed optimization for next-generation high-frequency communications. The radiation characteristics of the proposed antennas support high directivity and stable main lobes, which are essential for beamforming and multibeam configurations in 5G systems. Although the designs do not use active beam steering circuits, their compatibility with phased array integration makes them suitable for directional transmission and reception in mmWave applications. Multiband behavior arises due to resonance in multiple slot-created current paths, where each slot adds or perturbs a mode with a distinct electrical length. These additional paths produce resonant conditions at different frequencies, enabling discrete multiband operation. The layout symmetry and via-loaded substrate further stabilize the impedance at higher bands.</p>

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Broadband and multiband millimeter wave microstrip patch antenna for 5G and 6G applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月11日

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  • Ahmed Shakir Al-Hiti,
  • Abdullah Khalid Ahmed,
  • Shahad Hussam Mhmood,
  • Bashayer Ismail Hamdallah

摘要

In this paper, we propose and evaluate two novel millimeter-wave (mmWave) microstrip patch antenna designs for advanced 5G applications. These antennas are engineered for compact size and broadband performance, utilizing low-cost Rogers (RO4450B) substrates. The first antenna demonstrates a multiband response with resonances at 29.26 GHz, 114.55 GHz, and 138.76 GHz, achieving a maximum efficiency of 94%. The second antenna achieves both broadband and multiband operation across frequencies from 30.63 to 335.5 GHz, with six operating bands and return losses below − 10 dB, including a peak of − 22.56 dB. Both designs are modeled and analyzed using CST Microwave Studio and are particularly suitable for high-capacity mmWave wireless systems. Key performance metrics include gain, VSWR, return loss, power loss, and radiation characteristics. This work provides insight into the application of patch modifications and feed optimization for next-generation high-frequency communications. The radiation characteristics of the proposed antennas support high directivity and stable main lobes, which are essential for beamforming and multibeam configurations in 5G systems. Although the designs do not use active beam steering circuits, their compatibility with phased array integration makes them suitable for directional transmission and reception in mmWave applications. Multiband behavior arises due to resonance in multiple slot-created current paths, where each slot adds or perturbs a mode with a distinct electrical length. These additional paths produce resonant conditions at different frequencies, enabling discrete multiband operation. The layout symmetry and via-loaded substrate further stabilize the impedance at higher bands.