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<p>This study examines the architectural and astronomical significance of Chogha Zanbil Ziggurat and Radkan Tower, emphasizing their cultural, scientific, and engineering contributions. Built in distinct historical periods, these monuments demonstrate the evolution of ancient Iranian timekeeping and astronomical practices, transitioning from shadow-based solar observations to advanced solar tracking techniques. Chogha Zanbil (circa 1250 BC) functioned as both a ceremonial center and a rudimentary solar observatory, while Radkan Tower (660 AH/1262AD), attributed to Khwaja Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, was designed as a precise calendrical tool, aligned with cardinal directions and the Vernal Equinox. Using descriptive, interpretive, and comparative analyses, this study explores how celestial knowledge was embedded within architectural heritage, reinforcing these monuments' relevance in sustainable heritage conservation and cultural memory. The comparative analysis situates Chogha Zanbil and Radkan Tower within a broader scientific and architectural discourse, illustrating their contributions to global astronomical knowledge and engineering advancements. Additionally, this research aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, advocating for the preservation of historic observatories as vital components of cultural and scientific heritage.</p>

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Architectural and astronomical heritage of Iran: a study of Chogha Zanbil and Radkan Tower

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月10日

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  • Neda Akhlaghi Amiri,
  • Atiyeh Nataj Majd,
  • Mina Janpourtaher,
  • Mandana Barkeshli

摘要

This study examines the architectural and astronomical significance of Chogha Zanbil Ziggurat and Radkan Tower, emphasizing their cultural, scientific, and engineering contributions. Built in distinct historical periods, these monuments demonstrate the evolution of ancient Iranian timekeeping and astronomical practices, transitioning from shadow-based solar observations to advanced solar tracking techniques. Chogha Zanbil (circa 1250 BC) functioned as both a ceremonial center and a rudimentary solar observatory, while Radkan Tower (660 AH/1262AD), attributed to Khwaja Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, was designed as a precise calendrical tool, aligned with cardinal directions and the Vernal Equinox. Using descriptive, interpretive, and comparative analyses, this study explores how celestial knowledge was embedded within architectural heritage, reinforcing these monuments' relevance in sustainable heritage conservation and cultural memory. The comparative analysis situates Chogha Zanbil and Radkan Tower within a broader scientific and architectural discourse, illustrating their contributions to global astronomical knowledge and engineering advancements. Additionally, this research aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, advocating for the preservation of historic observatories as vital components of cultural and scientific heritage.