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<p>Medicinal plant extracts and bioactive compounds have been extensively studied for their potential anti-malarial activity. These extracts and compounds may combat malaria by directly targeting <i>Plasmodium</i> parasites, modulating the host immune response, or through both mechanisms. However, comprehensive knowledge and documentation of the cell signalling pathways underlying these effects remain limited. Therefore, this review critically examines the medicinal plant extracts and their bioactive compounds with reported anti-malarial properties, focusing on their mechanisms of action in mitigating malaria infection. Studies published between 2000 and 2024 were reviewed to identify the effects on cellular and molecular mechanisms of these extracts and compounds in malaria-infected models. Findings indicate that inhibition of specific proteins within <i>Plasmodium</i> parasites can delay parasite growth and prevent rupture of infected red blood cell membranes. Structural analysis of bioactive compounds revealed that many belong to the terpene class, sharing common functional groups and mechanisms of action. Furthermore, the review highlights the importance function of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway in regulating cytokine responses. Modulation of NF-κB, either through stimulation or inhibition, can influence the production levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to parasite clearance and mitigation of cytokine storms in the host. This review compiles and compares various models of cell signalling pathways involved in the action of plant-based medicines against malaria, offering valuable insights for future molecular docking studies and drug discovery efforts targeting malaria.</p>

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Cell signalling pathways of medicinal plant extracts and their bioactive compounds in malaria-infected model: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月20日

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  • Ahmad Zakwan Noriman,
  • Muhammad Al Amin Amran,
  • Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Abd Razak,
  • Wan Nurhayati Wan Hanafi,
  • Rusliza Basir,
  • Hani Kartini Agustar,
  • Wan Rozianoor Mohd Hassan

摘要

Medicinal plant extracts and bioactive compounds have been extensively studied for their potential anti-malarial activity. These extracts and compounds may combat malaria by directly targeting Plasmodium parasites, modulating the host immune response, or through both mechanisms. However, comprehensive knowledge and documentation of the cell signalling pathways underlying these effects remain limited. Therefore, this review critically examines the medicinal plant extracts and their bioactive compounds with reported anti-malarial properties, focusing on their mechanisms of action in mitigating malaria infection. Studies published between 2000 and 2024 were reviewed to identify the effects on cellular and molecular mechanisms of these extracts and compounds in malaria-infected models. Findings indicate that inhibition of specific proteins within Plasmodium parasites can delay parasite growth and prevent rupture of infected red blood cell membranes. Structural analysis of bioactive compounds revealed that many belong to the terpene class, sharing common functional groups and mechanisms of action. Furthermore, the review highlights the importance function of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway in regulating cytokine responses. Modulation of NF-κB, either through stimulation or inhibition, can influence the production levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to parasite clearance and mitigation of cytokine storms in the host. This review compiles and compares various models of cell signalling pathways involved in the action of plant-based medicines against malaria, offering valuable insights for future molecular docking studies and drug discovery efforts targeting malaria.