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<p>Elsewedy Cement Factory (ECF) possesses a mere four groundwater wells, which were subjected to chemical analysis for both primary and trace constituents in conjunction with an assessment of microbiological quantities. A variety of diagrams and ratios were employed to evaluate the water’s purity, with particular emphasis on fluoride concentrations. Fluctuating readings were juxtaposed with the guidelines established by the World Health Organization (WHO), utilizing geochemical modeling and the statistical methodologies of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) to ascertain the health implications for the local population. The results indicated that all chemical constituents in the three samples, inclusive of bacterial presence in two samples, exceeded the acceptable thresholds delineated by WHO, with the exceptions of HCO<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>3</sub>, thereby rendering the water unfit for human consumption. Analysis of the diverse charts and plots revealed that the elevated concentrations of SO<sub>4</sub>, Cl, Na, and Ca within the water samples were attributable to rock weathering processes, particularly those involving silicate, inverse ionic exchanges under moderately alkaline conditions, and the influx of mixed seawater. Two distinct water types were identified: SO<sub>4</sub>.Cl-Ca.Mg and SO<sub>4</sub>.Cl-Na, with their origin traced back to deep meteoric percolation over time of the Na-SO4 variety. The fluoride levels surpassed the WHO recommended limit (1.5&#xa0;ppm), which resulted in a non-carcinogenic risk associated with both oral and dermal exposures for children, as the hazard index exceeded the established safe threshold (1) according to USEPA, whereas adults were deemed safe. The microbial contamination observed in 50% of the water samples has the potential to release hydrogen, which can react with fluoride to form hydrofluoric acid (HF), potentially precipitating complex health issues among residents, including cancer and renal disorders. To mitigate health risks affecting the local populace, it is imperative to eliminate bacterial and fluoride contaminants present in the water sourced from ECF.</p>

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Appraisal of fluoride contaminate in groundwater at an industrial area, Northwest Gulf of Suez, Egypt

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月8日

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  • Ahmed A. Asmoay

摘要

Elsewedy Cement Factory (ECF) possesses a mere four groundwater wells, which were subjected to chemical analysis for both primary and trace constituents in conjunction with an assessment of microbiological quantities. A variety of diagrams and ratios were employed to evaluate the water’s purity, with particular emphasis on fluoride concentrations. Fluctuating readings were juxtaposed with the guidelines established by the World Health Organization (WHO), utilizing geochemical modeling and the statistical methodologies of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) to ascertain the health implications for the local population. The results indicated that all chemical constituents in the three samples, inclusive of bacterial presence in two samples, exceeded the acceptable thresholds delineated by WHO, with the exceptions of HCO3 and NO3, thereby rendering the water unfit for human consumption. Analysis of the diverse charts and plots revealed that the elevated concentrations of SO4, Cl, Na, and Ca within the water samples were attributable to rock weathering processes, particularly those involving silicate, inverse ionic exchanges under moderately alkaline conditions, and the influx of mixed seawater. Two distinct water types were identified: SO4.Cl-Ca.Mg and SO4.Cl-Na, with their origin traced back to deep meteoric percolation over time of the Na-SO4 variety. The fluoride levels surpassed the WHO recommended limit (1.5 ppm), which resulted in a non-carcinogenic risk associated with both oral and dermal exposures for children, as the hazard index exceeded the established safe threshold (1) according to USEPA, whereas adults were deemed safe. The microbial contamination observed in 50% of the water samples has the potential to release hydrogen, which can react with fluoride to form hydrofluoric acid (HF), potentially precipitating complex health issues among residents, including cancer and renal disorders. To mitigate health risks affecting the local populace, it is imperative to eliminate bacterial and fluoride contaminants present in the water sourced from ECF.