<p>Work hardening through Cold Draw (CD) in low and medium carbon steels is a field of growing interest in materials science, with significant applications in the power generation, nuclear, defense, military, and aerospace industries. Steel alloys modified through heat treatment and optimized by CD are at the core of modern industry. The reduction in machining costs and processing time achieved by obtaining a steel profile through near-net shape drawing and stretching it to a final form not only offers unique competitive advantages but also establishes the heat treatment techniques involved as essential for the future of economic development. This study aims to explore the role of flow stress in optimizing the Cold Draw process, emphasizing its impact on residual stresses and mechanical properties for high-performance applications, and how different heat treatment techniques affect the mechanical properties and performance of low, medium, and high carbon steels used in cold drawn processes. </p>