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<p>Nano particles B<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>(3−x)</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) synthesized by auto combustion technique and consequence of boron doped structural, morphological, magnetic and dielectric analysis of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was studied. XRD confirmed the single phase spinel structure with no impurity phase and size of the crystallite samples lay in between 22–38&#xa0;nm and lattice parameters 8.338–8.399&#xa0;Å. There is a clear indication that the SEM images showed homogeneous and spherical grain size and EDX spectra established existence of constituent elemental composition. FTIR confirmed the two characteristics bands of ferrite structure. All samples show ferromagnetic nature and magnetic properties like M<sub>r</sub>, M<sub>s</sub> and H<sub>c</sub> values were decreased with boron substitution. The dielectric properties and AC conductivity (σ<sub>AC</sub>) was assessed by the impedance analyzer with frequency (at 20&#xa0;Hz to 10&#xa0;MHz) and temperature (at 27–500&#xa0;°C). σ<sub>AC</sub> seems to have a decreasing trend with the rise of B<sup>3+</sup> ion substitution and the acquired results elucidates the hopping mechanism. Similarly, a clear deviation was observed for dielectric loss, AC conductivity and dielectric permittivity related to temperature and frequency. This was clarified by Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization and also hopping of charges between Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Fe<sup>2+</sup> ions.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Impact of B3+ cations on structural, magnetic and dielectrical properties of magnetite nanoparticles synthesized by auto combustion technique

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月27日

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  • Paramesh Donta

摘要

Nano particles BxFe(3−x)O4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) synthesized by auto combustion technique and consequence of boron doped structural, morphological, magnetic and dielectric analysis of Fe3O4 was studied. XRD confirmed the single phase spinel structure with no impurity phase and size of the crystallite samples lay in between 22–38 nm and lattice parameters 8.338–8.399 Å. There is a clear indication that the SEM images showed homogeneous and spherical grain size and EDX spectra established existence of constituent elemental composition. FTIR confirmed the two characteristics bands of ferrite structure. All samples show ferromagnetic nature and magnetic properties like Mr, Ms and Hc values were decreased with boron substitution. The dielectric properties and AC conductivity (σAC) was assessed by the impedance analyzer with frequency (at 20 Hz to 10 MHz) and temperature (at 27–500 °C). σAC seems to have a decreasing trend with the rise of B3+ ion substitution and the acquired results elucidates the hopping mechanism. Similarly, a clear deviation was observed for dielectric loss, AC conductivity and dielectric permittivity related to temperature and frequency. This was clarified by Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization and also hopping of charges between Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions.

Graphical abstract