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<p>Early skin cancer assessment still relies heavily on visual triage followed by biopsy, motivating complementary sensing tools that can probe tissue composition without excision. This study numerically evaluates a contact millimeter-wave conical dielectric probe for superficial skin-lesion assessment by coupling frequency-domain electromagnetic simulation with a conservative transient bioheat analysis. A circular waveguide and tapered polytetrafluoroethylene probe are modeled in contact with healthy-skin and tumor-mimicking phantoms over the propagating-mode range of 35–90 GHz; the originally sampled 30 GHz point is below the calculated waveguide cutoff and is therefore excluded from the revised quantitative analysis. Across the valid sweep, the tumor case produces a consistently higher reflection response than the healthy-skin baseline, with <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S_{11}\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation> separation of 0.81–0.88 dB (mean 0.848 dB). Expressed as reflected-power ratio, this corresponds to a 20.5–22.5% increase relative to the healthy-skin case, with the maximum contrast occurring at 65 GHz. Thermal exposure was evaluated at 45 GHz with 1 mW input power for a deliberately conservative 10-minute upper-bound scenario rather than as a proposed diagnostic dwell time. The peak predicted temperature rise remained below 0.05 K, and the Arrhenius damage integral stayed far below the conventional damage threshold. These results indicate that the adapted probe model can provide a quantifiable simulated dielectric contrast while operating in a low-power regime; however, the design novelty is limited, and experimental phantom measurements, realistic exposure timing, frequency-dependent tissue data, and clinical validation are required before diagnostic performance can be claimed.</p>

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Electromagnetic and thermal modeling of a millimeter wave conical dielectric probe for noninvasive skin cancer detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Haili Zhang,
  • Gen Wang

摘要

Early skin cancer assessment still relies heavily on visual triage followed by biopsy, motivating complementary sensing tools that can probe tissue composition without excision. This study numerically evaluates a contact millimeter-wave conical dielectric probe for superficial skin-lesion assessment by coupling frequency-domain electromagnetic simulation with a conservative transient bioheat analysis. A circular waveguide and tapered polytetrafluoroethylene probe are modeled in contact with healthy-skin and tumor-mimicking phantoms over the propagating-mode range of 35–90 GHz; the originally sampled 30 GHz point is below the calculated waveguide cutoff and is therefore excluded from the revised quantitative analysis. Across the valid sweep, the tumor case produces a consistently higher reflection response than the healthy-skin baseline, with \(S_{11}\) separation of 0.81–0.88 dB (mean 0.848 dB). Expressed as reflected-power ratio, this corresponds to a 20.5–22.5% increase relative to the healthy-skin case, with the maximum contrast occurring at 65 GHz. Thermal exposure was evaluated at 45 GHz with 1 mW input power for a deliberately conservative 10-minute upper-bound scenario rather than as a proposed diagnostic dwell time. The peak predicted temperature rise remained below 0.05 K, and the Arrhenius damage integral stayed far below the conventional damage threshold. These results indicate that the adapted probe model can provide a quantifiable simulated dielectric contrast while operating in a low-power regime; however, the design novelty is limited, and experimental phantom measurements, realistic exposure timing, frequency-dependent tissue data, and clinical validation are required before diagnostic performance can be claimed.