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<p>This study investigates continuous removal of Basic Blue 41 (BB41) textile dye from aqueous solutions utilizing a novel adsorbent: a magnetic iron oxide-activated termite mound composite (MIOTMC), employed within a fixed-bed column system. This study reveals the development and performance of MIOTMC, synthesized via the co-precipitation method and characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and BET techniques to confirm its crystalline structure, functional groups, surface morphology, and surface area. Fixed-bed adsorption experiments were conducted under varying flow rates (5, 10, 15&#xa0;mL/min), bed heights (1, 2 and 3&#xa0;cm), and initial dye concentrations (25, 50, 75&#xa0;mg/L) to evaluate the dynamic removal behavior of BB41. Optimization was achieved through a one-variable-at-a-time method to identify the optimum conditions for maximizing adsorption performance. The data were analyzed using established breakthrough models, including Thomas and Yoon-Nelson to elucidate the mass transfer kinetics and predict column performance. The results revealed significant adsorption capacity of 29.52&#xa0;mg/g and removal efficiency &gt; 80%, with the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models best characterizing the breakthrough behavior (R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 96) at flow rates (5&#xa0;mL/min), bed heights (3&#xa0;cm), and dye concentrations (25&#xa0;mg/L) demonstrating the potential of MIOTMC as a cost-effective, sustainable, and efficient adsorbent in continuous wastewater treatment applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Adsorption of Basic Blue-41 textile dye from aqueous solution by magnetic iron oxide activated termite mound composite on fixed bed columns

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Amare Melaku Mengistu,
  • Esayas Alemayehu,
  • Abebe Worku,
  • Getasew Yehuala Gezahegn

摘要

This study investigates continuous removal of Basic Blue 41 (BB41) textile dye from aqueous solutions utilizing a novel adsorbent: a magnetic iron oxide-activated termite mound composite (MIOTMC), employed within a fixed-bed column system. This study reveals the development and performance of MIOTMC, synthesized via the co-precipitation method and characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and BET techniques to confirm its crystalline structure, functional groups, surface morphology, and surface area. Fixed-bed adsorption experiments were conducted under varying flow rates (5, 10, 15 mL/min), bed heights (1, 2 and 3 cm), and initial dye concentrations (25, 50, 75 mg/L) to evaluate the dynamic removal behavior of BB41. Optimization was achieved through a one-variable-at-a-time method to identify the optimum conditions for maximizing adsorption performance. The data were analyzed using established breakthrough models, including Thomas and Yoon-Nelson to elucidate the mass transfer kinetics and predict column performance. The results revealed significant adsorption capacity of 29.52 mg/g and removal efficiency > 80%, with the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models best characterizing the breakthrough behavior (R2 > 96) at flow rates (5 mL/min), bed heights (3 cm), and dye concentrations (25 mg/L) demonstrating the potential of MIOTMC as a cost-effective, sustainable, and efficient adsorbent in continuous wastewater treatment applications.

Graphical abstract