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<p>Water scarcity and nitrate contamination remain critical global challenges, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions lacking access to advanced treatment technologies. This study introduces a novel and cost-effective strategy by converting abundant agricultural wastes—date seed powder and sawdust—along with their biochar forms, into environmentally friendly biosorbents for nitrate removal from aqueous solutions. The work provides a unique contribution by systematically comparing raw and biochar derivatives and identifying the physicochemical features responsible for effective nitrate adsorption. Among the tested materials, date seed powder emerged as the best-performing adsorbent, achieving a rapid and high removal efficiency of 89.95%, corresponding to an adsorption capacity of 1.41&#xa0;mg/gr (NO<sub>3</sub> − N), within only 15&#xa0;min at a dosage of 3.2 gr. Adsorption modeling revealed that the Freundlich isotherm provided the strongest fit for this material, confirming a heterogeneous and multilayer adsorption mechanism. Key Freundlich parameters for date seed powder (K<sub>f</sub> = 0.007861, 1/n = 0.85, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9669) indicate strong adsorption affinity and favorable interaction with nitrate ions. These findings highlight the practical implications of using low-cost, locally available waste-derived adsorbents as sustainable alternatives for decentralized water treatment systems, offering an accessible solution for nitrate removal and supporting safe water reuse in resource-limited regions.</p>

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Low-cost date seed and sawdust-derived biochars for nitrate removal from aqueous solutions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月31日

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  • Erfan Fazli,
  • Khaled Ahmadaali,
  • Ali Salajegheh,
  • Anita Ghasemi

摘要

Water scarcity and nitrate contamination remain critical global challenges, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions lacking access to advanced treatment technologies. This study introduces a novel and cost-effective strategy by converting abundant agricultural wastes—date seed powder and sawdust—along with their biochar forms, into environmentally friendly biosorbents for nitrate removal from aqueous solutions. The work provides a unique contribution by systematically comparing raw and biochar derivatives and identifying the physicochemical features responsible for effective nitrate adsorption. Among the tested materials, date seed powder emerged as the best-performing adsorbent, achieving a rapid and high removal efficiency of 89.95%, corresponding to an adsorption capacity of 1.41 mg/gr (NO3 − N), within only 15 min at a dosage of 3.2 gr. Adsorption modeling revealed that the Freundlich isotherm provided the strongest fit for this material, confirming a heterogeneous and multilayer adsorption mechanism. Key Freundlich parameters for date seed powder (Kf = 0.007861, 1/n = 0.85, R2 = 0.9669) indicate strong adsorption affinity and favorable interaction with nitrate ions. These findings highlight the practical implications of using low-cost, locally available waste-derived adsorbents as sustainable alternatives for decentralized water treatment systems, offering an accessible solution for nitrate removal and supporting safe water reuse in resource-limited regions.