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<p>Rapid land use transformations driven by urbanization can profoundly affect surface water resources, altering hydrological processes and water availability. This study focuses on the Upper Bhima River basin in India, analyzing three decades of land use/land cover (LULC) change (1990–2020) using an integrated remote sensing and GIS approach on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. High-resolution satellite data enabled accurate classification of LULC (overall accuracies 94.92% for 1990 and 93.31% for 2020; Kappa 0.93 and 0.92) and detection of major landscape transitions. In this 6717.6 km<sup>2</sup> study area, a significant land-use change occurred between 1990 and 2020. Barren land decreased drastically, from 67.1% to just 7.7%, as it was largely converted into agricultural land, which expanded from 7.6 to 47%, and built-up areas, which grew from 0.65 to 14.8%. Surface water dynamics, analyzed using the Joint Research Centre’s Global Surface Water (GSW) dataset, revealed that 94.76 km<sup>2</sup> remained as permanent water bodies, 23.0 km<sup>2</sup> emerged as new permanent water, while 0.50 km<sup>2</sup> of permanent water was lost. Seasonal water bodies occupied 48.00 km<sup>2</sup>, with 37.31 km<sup>2</sup> newly classified as seasonal and 9.72 km<sup>2</sup> lost. These extensive land and water transitions indicate intensified surface runoff, diminished groundwater recharge potential, and escalating stress on water resources. The findings provide essential insights for guiding sustainable land use planning and adaptive water resource management strategies in the Upper Bhima basin under the pressures of ongoing urbanization.</p>

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Analyzing land use change and surface water dynamics (1990–2020) in the upper Bhima River basin using Google Earth engine

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Dilip Gulabrao Patil,
  • Sachchidanand Singh,
  • Ram Yash,
  • Pankaj Aashish,
  • Sawant Sushant Anil,
  • Arun S. Magar,
  • Prasenjit Kumar Mandal,
  • Neha Rarh

摘要

Rapid land use transformations driven by urbanization can profoundly affect surface water resources, altering hydrological processes and water availability. This study focuses on the Upper Bhima River basin in India, analyzing three decades of land use/land cover (LULC) change (1990–2020) using an integrated remote sensing and GIS approach on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. High-resolution satellite data enabled accurate classification of LULC (overall accuracies 94.92% for 1990 and 93.31% for 2020; Kappa 0.93 and 0.92) and detection of major landscape transitions. In this 6717.6 km2 study area, a significant land-use change occurred between 1990 and 2020. Barren land decreased drastically, from 67.1% to just 7.7%, as it was largely converted into agricultural land, which expanded from 7.6 to 47%, and built-up areas, which grew from 0.65 to 14.8%. Surface water dynamics, analyzed using the Joint Research Centre’s Global Surface Water (GSW) dataset, revealed that 94.76 km2 remained as permanent water bodies, 23.0 km2 emerged as new permanent water, while 0.50 km2 of permanent water was lost. Seasonal water bodies occupied 48.00 km2, with 37.31 km2 newly classified as seasonal and 9.72 km2 lost. These extensive land and water transitions indicate intensified surface runoff, diminished groundwater recharge potential, and escalating stress on water resources. The findings provide essential insights for guiding sustainable land use planning and adaptive water resource management strategies in the Upper Bhima basin under the pressures of ongoing urbanization.