<p>The debate about the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has intensified among different stakeholders, including academics, developers, patients associations, regulators, and the general public. This debate is driven by the development of a number of AI-based technologies designed for different medical applications, including diagnosis, prognosis, patient management, and healthcare delivery. Building on previous research examining Swedish radiologists’ and screening participants’ perception of AI use in mammography exams, this paper aims at identifying the ethical issues raised by these two populations. The ultimate goal is elaborating a structured set of key considerations and a map of ethical priorities that may inform the discussion regarding the use of AI in medical practice, particularly in ethical and regulatory debates on the use of AI in radiology.</p>