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<p>As artificial intelligence becomes increasingly complex, so do failure modes, and anthropomorphisation is usually soon to follow. Terms such as AI “hallucination” and, more recently, the proposal of a full psychiatric-style nosology, exemplify this trend. From a clinical psychology perspective, I argue that importing biomedical psychiatric categories into AI research is conceptually incoherent and ethically problematic, distorting public understanding of mental health as well as scientific clarity in AI. This commentary addresses three issues: the reification of “disorder,” the reduction of human suffering to malfunction, and the misconstrual of psychotherapy. I suggest that behavioural analysis might offer a more fitting framework for interdisciplinary borrowing.</p>

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Psychological suffering is not malfunction: a clinical psychologist’s commentary on AI “hallucination” and psychiatric analogies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Pablo Sabucedo

摘要

As artificial intelligence becomes increasingly complex, so do failure modes, and anthropomorphisation is usually soon to follow. Terms such as AI “hallucination” and, more recently, the proposal of a full psychiatric-style nosology, exemplify this trend. From a clinical psychology perspective, I argue that importing biomedical psychiatric categories into AI research is conceptually incoherent and ethically problematic, distorting public understanding of mental health as well as scientific clarity in AI. This commentary addresses three issues: the reification of “disorder,” the reduction of human suffering to malfunction, and the misconstrual of psychotherapy. I suggest that behavioural analysis might offer a more fitting framework for interdisciplinary borrowing.