<p>Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is emerging as a potential treatment for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), a transitional condition between normal aging and dementia. While DBS shows promise in modulating memory-related neural circuits, its application to MCI presents significant challenges, including targeting heterogeneous cognitive networks, addressing long-term safety concerns, and navigating ethical complexities such as informed consent and cognitive enhancement risks. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers innovative solutions by optimizing DBS parameters, enhancing patient selection, and streamlining ethical oversight. However, AI integration raises concerns about governance, equity, and unintended societal impacts. This paper explores the ethical and practical dimensions of using DBS for MCI, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to balance technological advancements with patient-centered values. By aligning DBS and AI innovations with ethical principles, this approach has the potential to advance cognitive treatments while safeguarding patient autonomy and equity.</p>