Optimized protocol for the determination of the singlet oxygen quantum yield for water-soluble phthalocyanines using imidazole and 4-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline trap
摘要
This study presents an optimized protocol for measuring singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield using a two-component chemical trap consisting of imidazole (ImH) and 4-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline (RNO) for water-soluble phthalocyanines (Pcs). Deprotonation of nitrogen atoms in a cavity of metal-free Pc upon addition of ImH to aqueous solution, as well as coordination of ImH to the metal center in a Pc cavity causes changes in the spectral and photophysical properties of a Pc, which could potentially compromise the accuracy of 1O2 yield determination. Through a systematic investigation, we examined the influence of ImH concentration, solution pH, and ionic strength (adjusted using different salts) on the ImH-Pc interaction. The optimal measurement conditions were determined to be a 0.5 mM ImH concentration in neutral pH buffer solution with ionic strength exceeding 100 mM. These specific parameters were found to minimize ImH-induced alterations in Pc spectral characteristics while maintaining reliable 1O2 yield quantification. The validity of this approach was confirmed through comparative measurements in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) using both the ImH-RNO system and a reference cationic anthracene trap TMAPA, which showed consistent results. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using an optimized protocol to evaluate the photodynamic activity of different Pcs using the ImH-RNO system.