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<p>This study presents the design, synthesis, and evaluation of TSC–PP–TSC, a novel phenolphthalein-based fluorescent sensor produced via a straightforward synthetic route. The sensor demonstrates a quantum yield of 0.114 and exhibits highly selective and sensitive “turn-off” fluorescence towards Hg<sup>2+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions in a 0.01/99.9 ethanol/water solution. Selectivity for these ions was further confirmed in water/ethanol (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>: 9.9/0.1) and tap water. Upon binding with Hg<sup>2</sup>⁺ or Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺, the sensor forms a 2:1 metal-to-ligand complex, resulting in the dispersion of probe aggregates. The limits of detection (LODs) were determined to be 117&#xa0;nM for Hg<sup>2+</sup> and 1.56&#xa0;μM for Cu<sup>2+</sup>. Furthermore, the reversible interaction with I⁻ ions and glutathione (GSH) enabled the construction of a sophisticated four-input OR-INHIBIT logic gate. Notably, the TSC–PP–TSC–Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺ complex also showed promise as a “turn-on” fluorescent sensor for GSH detection in water and the LOD was 1.80&#xa0;µM, leveraging the reversibility of the complex formation.</p>

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A novel bola-amphiphilic-phenolphthalein sensor for switchable fluorescent detection of Hg2+/Cu2+ and GSH in real water samples

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月8日

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  • Abdullah Saleh Hussein,
  • Ferruh Lafzi,
  • Sinan Bayindir,
  • Mahmut Toprak

摘要

This study presents the design, synthesis, and evaluation of TSC–PP–TSC, a novel phenolphthalein-based fluorescent sensor produced via a straightforward synthetic route. The sensor demonstrates a quantum yield of 0.114 and exhibits highly selective and sensitive “turn-off” fluorescence towards Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions in a 0.01/99.9 ethanol/water solution. Selectivity for these ions was further confirmed in water/ethanol (v/v: 9.9/0.1) and tap water. Upon binding with Hg2⁺ or Cu2⁺, the sensor forms a 2:1 metal-to-ligand complex, resulting in the dispersion of probe aggregates. The limits of detection (LODs) were determined to be 117 nM for Hg2+ and 1.56 μM for Cu2+. Furthermore, the reversible interaction with I⁻ ions and glutathione (GSH) enabled the construction of a sophisticated four-input OR-INHIBIT logic gate. Notably, the TSC–PP–TSC–Cu2⁺ complex also showed promise as a “turn-on” fluorescent sensor for GSH detection in water and the LOD was 1.80 µM, leveraging the reversibility of the complex formation.