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<p>The adoption of electric vehicles is being encouraged as a decarbonization strategy in Indonesia, but sustainability concerns are being raised due to the growing quantity of used lithium-ion batteries reaching the end of their useful life. Second-life batteries (SLBs) present a possible approach to address the issue of battery end of life management through reusing used batteries for less demanding applications. This study adopted an analytical framework integrating stakeholder theory, actor network theory, and contingency theory to explore the systemic challenges for the development of an SLB market in Indonesia. A mixed-methods approach was adopted combining the fuzzy Delphi method, interpretative structural modeling, and matrix of cross impact multiplications applied to a classification (MICMAC) analysis. Based on the analysis, 12 key challenges were identified. Systemic drivers included inconsistent battery designs, immature business models, and inadequate procedures, infrastructure, and technologies. These upstream challenges subsequently manifested as downstream effects including inadequate market maturity, ambiguous regulations, and informal battery trading practices. A hierarchical structure was developed to identify the relationships among these challenges and effects, which is expected to provide a strategic reference for stakeholders hoping to foster the development of a sustainable SLB market in Indonesia.</p>

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Systemic challenges shaping the sustainable development of Indonesia’s second-life battery market

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Ellia Kristiningrum,
  • Rahmat Nurcahyo,
  • Sik Sumaedi,
  • Anton Satria Prabuwono

摘要

The adoption of electric vehicles is being encouraged as a decarbonization strategy in Indonesia, but sustainability concerns are being raised due to the growing quantity of used lithium-ion batteries reaching the end of their useful life. Second-life batteries (SLBs) present a possible approach to address the issue of battery end of life management through reusing used batteries for less demanding applications. This study adopted an analytical framework integrating stakeholder theory, actor network theory, and contingency theory to explore the systemic challenges for the development of an SLB market in Indonesia. A mixed-methods approach was adopted combining the fuzzy Delphi method, interpretative structural modeling, and matrix of cross impact multiplications applied to a classification (MICMAC) analysis. Based on the analysis, 12 key challenges were identified. Systemic drivers included inconsistent battery designs, immature business models, and inadequate procedures, infrastructure, and technologies. These upstream challenges subsequently manifested as downstream effects including inadequate market maturity, ambiguous regulations, and informal battery trading practices. A hierarchical structure was developed to identify the relationships among these challenges and effects, which is expected to provide a strategic reference for stakeholders hoping to foster the development of a sustainable SLB market in Indonesia.