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<p>This study explores real-world fuel-consumption gaps using data from On-Board Fuel and Energy Consumption Monitoring (OBFCM), mandated in the European Union for all new passenger vehicles since 2021. Fuel consumption and emissions from road transport remain key challenges in achieving sustainable mobility, and discrepancies between type-approved and real-world values undermine consumer trust and hinder effective policymaking. We analyze anonymized OBFCM data from more than 6000 vehicles in Slovakia and Belgium. Results reveal substantial deviations, particularly in petrol hybrid vehicles. In absolute terms, gaps remain on the order of a few litres per 100&#xa0;km, whereas relative fuel-consumption gaps often exceed 200% and can reach very high values when declared fuel consumption is very low (percentage gaps may be inflated by a small denominator). Using harmonized OBFCM data, we observe a strong association between grid energy use and lower fuel consumption in petrol PHEVs that report OBFCM total grid energy into the battery counters. While the direction of this relationship is intuitive, the added value here is a transparent PTI-based case study with explicit QC rules and vehicle-level linking of OBFCM grid-energy reporting to fuel-consumption gap metrics, in a form that can be replicated on larger OBFCM microdata releases. The analysis is descriptive and does not establish causality due to unmeasured confounders. Overall, these findings underscore the value of OBFCM-based monitoring for transparency, standardization, and regulatory effectiveness and support evidence-based transport and climate policy at both national and EU levels. Limitations include the geographic and temporal scope of data collection and unmeasured confounders affecting real-world operation.</p>

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Grid use and real world fuel consumption gaps in hybrid vehicles

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月6日

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  • Peter Tapak,
  • Michal Kocur,
  • Philippe De Meyer,
  • Juraj Matej

摘要

This study explores real-world fuel-consumption gaps using data from On-Board Fuel and Energy Consumption Monitoring (OBFCM), mandated in the European Union for all new passenger vehicles since 2021. Fuel consumption and emissions from road transport remain key challenges in achieving sustainable mobility, and discrepancies between type-approved and real-world values undermine consumer trust and hinder effective policymaking. We analyze anonymized OBFCM data from more than 6000 vehicles in Slovakia and Belgium. Results reveal substantial deviations, particularly in petrol hybrid vehicles. In absolute terms, gaps remain on the order of a few litres per 100 km, whereas relative fuel-consumption gaps often exceed 200% and can reach very high values when declared fuel consumption is very low (percentage gaps may be inflated by a small denominator). Using harmonized OBFCM data, we observe a strong association between grid energy use and lower fuel consumption in petrol PHEVs that report OBFCM total grid energy into the battery counters. While the direction of this relationship is intuitive, the added value here is a transparent PTI-based case study with explicit QC rules and vehicle-level linking of OBFCM grid-energy reporting to fuel-consumption gap metrics, in a form that can be replicated on larger OBFCM microdata releases. The analysis is descriptive and does not establish causality due to unmeasured confounders. Overall, these findings underscore the value of OBFCM-based monitoring for transparency, standardization, and regulatory effectiveness and support evidence-based transport and climate policy at both national and EU levels. Limitations include the geographic and temporal scope of data collection and unmeasured confounders affecting real-world operation.