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<p>Unmanaged discharge of cattle manure into nearby water bodies has led to environmental pollution in Ngroto Village, Pujon District, highlighting the absence of an effective waste management framework. Previous initiatives utilizing a decentralized biogas system proved ineffective due to insufficient engagement from the community. The objective of this study is to identify the most suitable site for a centralized biogas facility to mitigate this concern. A hybrid methodology was implemented, commencing with a land suitability assessment utilizing a Geographic Information System (GIS) predicated on criteria related to road accessibility and cattle population density, employing an equal-weighting technique as a neutral baseline assumption appropriate for exploratory spatial analysis in a data-limited rural context. This analysis yielded several viable candidate sites. Four candidate locations were identified and subsequently evaluated using a dual-objective MILP model minimizing distribution distance to 33 farmer points and the Mantung STA Market. The results identify candidate C4 (7.840272°S, 112.464376°E) as the optimal site with the lowest objective function value (Z = 9.555), reducing weighted distribution distance by up to 61.7% compared to alternative locations. The selected configuration supports a projected waste processing capacity of 746 tons/year and an estimated energy output of 30,660 kWh/year. This study contributes a village-scale, data-efficient GIS–MILP framework that integrates spatial suitability and mathematical optimization for centralized biogas planning, providing a replicable decision-support model for resource-constrained rural contexts.</p>

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Optimal location selection of a centralized biogas facility for sustainable livestock waste management in Ngroto Village Pujon district Malang regency

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月2日

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  • Widha Kusumaningdyah,
  • Oke Oktavianty,
  • Akbar Ardi Firdaus,
  • Sugiono Sugiono,
  • Wifqi Azlia,
  • Ratih Ardia Sari

摘要

Unmanaged discharge of cattle manure into nearby water bodies has led to environmental pollution in Ngroto Village, Pujon District, highlighting the absence of an effective waste management framework. Previous initiatives utilizing a decentralized biogas system proved ineffective due to insufficient engagement from the community. The objective of this study is to identify the most suitable site for a centralized biogas facility to mitigate this concern. A hybrid methodology was implemented, commencing with a land suitability assessment utilizing a Geographic Information System (GIS) predicated on criteria related to road accessibility and cattle population density, employing an equal-weighting technique as a neutral baseline assumption appropriate for exploratory spatial analysis in a data-limited rural context. This analysis yielded several viable candidate sites. Four candidate locations were identified and subsequently evaluated using a dual-objective MILP model minimizing distribution distance to 33 farmer points and the Mantung STA Market. The results identify candidate C4 (7.840272°S, 112.464376°E) as the optimal site with the lowest objective function value (Z = 9.555), reducing weighted distribution distance by up to 61.7% compared to alternative locations. The selected configuration supports a projected waste processing capacity of 746 tons/year and an estimated energy output of 30,660 kWh/year. This study contributes a village-scale, data-efficient GIS–MILP framework that integrates spatial suitability and mathematical optimization for centralized biogas planning, providing a replicable decision-support model for resource-constrained rural contexts.