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<p>This study examines the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) dimensions and progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) under the United Nations 2030 Agenda. Using panel data from 167 countries over the period 2000–2023, the analysis employs descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, unit root tests, and panel-based Granger causality tests to explore dynamic associations between ESG indicators and the SDG Index. The results reveal notable regional heterogeneity in ESG–SDG linkages. In Asia, environmental and governance dimensions show strong bidirectional associations with SDG performance, particularly for SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). In Africa, social governance exhibits the strongest association with SDG progress, highlighting the importance of social inclusion, basic services, and institutional capacity, especially for SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 15 (Life on Land). In Europe and the Americas, all three ESG dimensions are positively associated with SDG outcomes, suggesting that balanced governance, environmental regulation, and social development jointly support sustainable development. By providing cross-regional empirical evidence, this study contributes to the ESG–SDG literature by demonstrating that ESG dimensions are not uniformly related to SDG progress across regions. The findings underscore the need for region-specific sustainability strategies that align ESG priorities with local development challenges to support effective implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda.</p>

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Global pathways to sustainability ESG practices driving SDG achievement

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月30日

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  • Raisa Aman,
  • Anwar Hussain,
  • Ploypailin Kijkasiwat,
  • Long Yang,
  • Maria Sultana,
  • Stephen Onwona Adjapong

摘要

This study examines the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) dimensions and progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) under the United Nations 2030 Agenda. Using panel data from 167 countries over the period 2000–2023, the analysis employs descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, unit root tests, and panel-based Granger causality tests to explore dynamic associations between ESG indicators and the SDG Index. The results reveal notable regional heterogeneity in ESG–SDG linkages. In Asia, environmental and governance dimensions show strong bidirectional associations with SDG performance, particularly for SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). In Africa, social governance exhibits the strongest association with SDG progress, highlighting the importance of social inclusion, basic services, and institutional capacity, especially for SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 15 (Life on Land). In Europe and the Americas, all three ESG dimensions are positively associated with SDG outcomes, suggesting that balanced governance, environmental regulation, and social development jointly support sustainable development. By providing cross-regional empirical evidence, this study contributes to the ESG–SDG literature by demonstrating that ESG dimensions are not uniformly related to SDG progress across regions. The findings underscore the need for region-specific sustainability strategies that align ESG priorities with local development challenges to support effective implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda.