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<p>Dairy production plays an important role in rural livelihoods in Ethiopia, yet food insecurity remains widespread due to limited market participation, low adoption of improved technologies, and weak commercialization. In the Sidama region, these constraints continue to undermine the nutritional and economic well-being of dairy producing households. This study examines how cow milk commercialization impacts household food security using survey data from 361 smallholder producers. An ordered probit endogenous switching regression model was applied to control for both observed and unobserved selection biases, and specification tests confirmed the appropriateness of the ordered probit model for the commercialization categories. Falsification tests further showed that there was a strong correlation between commercialization and cooperative membership but with no effect on outcome variables. The results indicated that commercialization positively impacted food security, as households in the medium and high commercialization groups had higher per capita food consumption expenditure (FCE) and food consumption score (FCS) compared to those in the low commercialization group. Specifically, households in the medium and high commercialization categories incurred ETB 343.2 and ETB 484 more in monthly food consumption expenditure per adult equivalent, respectively. Additionally, household in the low commercialization group would have higher FCE and FCS if they were in the medium or high commercialization groups. The medium and high commercialization groups were found to have 16.4 and 23.9 more FCS, respectively, than the low commercialization households. Enhancing cow milk commercialization significantly improves household food security in the study area. To strengthen this impact, policy efforts should expand producers’ access to improved dairy technologies and financial services while building their technical and managerial capacities. Equally important is the development of reliable and efficient market linkages that enable smallholders to participate more effectively in the dairy value chain. Such measures are particularly crucial for households currently operating at low levels of commercialization.</p>

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The impact of cow milk commercialization on household food security among smallholder dairy producers in the Sidama region of Southern Ethiopia

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月31日

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  • Eyasu Kifle,
  • Lemma Zemedu,
  • Kedir Jemal,
  • Beyan Ahmed

摘要

Dairy production plays an important role in rural livelihoods in Ethiopia, yet food insecurity remains widespread due to limited market participation, low adoption of improved technologies, and weak commercialization. In the Sidama region, these constraints continue to undermine the nutritional and economic well-being of dairy producing households. This study examines how cow milk commercialization impacts household food security using survey data from 361 smallholder producers. An ordered probit endogenous switching regression model was applied to control for both observed and unobserved selection biases, and specification tests confirmed the appropriateness of the ordered probit model for the commercialization categories. Falsification tests further showed that there was a strong correlation between commercialization and cooperative membership but with no effect on outcome variables. The results indicated that commercialization positively impacted food security, as households in the medium and high commercialization groups had higher per capita food consumption expenditure (FCE) and food consumption score (FCS) compared to those in the low commercialization group. Specifically, households in the medium and high commercialization categories incurred ETB 343.2 and ETB 484 more in monthly food consumption expenditure per adult equivalent, respectively. Additionally, household in the low commercialization group would have higher FCE and FCS if they were in the medium or high commercialization groups. The medium and high commercialization groups were found to have 16.4 and 23.9 more FCS, respectively, than the low commercialization households. Enhancing cow milk commercialization significantly improves household food security in the study area. To strengthen this impact, policy efforts should expand producers’ access to improved dairy technologies and financial services while building their technical and managerial capacities. Equally important is the development of reliable and efficient market linkages that enable smallholders to participate more effectively in the dairy value chain. Such measures are particularly crucial for households currently operating at low levels of commercialization.