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<p>Agriculture today faces a critical turning point as climate change, soil degradation, and excessive dependence on chemical fertilizers threaten global food security. Conventional fertilizers, while boosting yields, have led to soil exhaustion and environmental pollution, underscoring the need for innovative, sustainable alternatives. In this context, green-synthesized nanofertilizers—produced using plant, microbial, or algal extracts instead of toxic chemicals—have emerged as a promising eco-friendly technology. Unlike conventional fertilizers, these nanomaterials offer targeted nutrient delivery, enhanced bioavailability, and the ability to mitigate abiotic stress. Recent studies demonstrate that iron oxide nanoparticles can raise chlorophyll content by over 100% and biomass by 70% in drought-stressed <i>Sorghum</i> <i>bicolor</i>, while selenium nanoparticles enhance wheat yield under combined heat and drought stress. Similarly, copper and zinc-based nanoparticles have reduced cadmium accumulation in wheat by up to 60% and improved photosynthetic efficiency under salinity stress. These outcomes highlight their potential not only as nutrient carriers but also as protective agents against environmental stressors. This review synthesizes recent advances in the green synthesis, mechanisms, and agricultural applications of nanobiofertilizers, emphasizing their dual role in improving crop productivity and promoting environmental sustainability.</p>

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Green synthesized nanofertilizers for sustainable agriculture and abiotic stress management

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Sana Amjad,
  • Malaika,
  • Sania Zaib,
  • Muhammad Asim Siddiqui

摘要

Agriculture today faces a critical turning point as climate change, soil degradation, and excessive dependence on chemical fertilizers threaten global food security. Conventional fertilizers, while boosting yields, have led to soil exhaustion and environmental pollution, underscoring the need for innovative, sustainable alternatives. In this context, green-synthesized nanofertilizers—produced using plant, microbial, or algal extracts instead of toxic chemicals—have emerged as a promising eco-friendly technology. Unlike conventional fertilizers, these nanomaterials offer targeted nutrient delivery, enhanced bioavailability, and the ability to mitigate abiotic stress. Recent studies demonstrate that iron oxide nanoparticles can raise chlorophyll content by over 100% and biomass by 70% in drought-stressed Sorghum bicolor, while selenium nanoparticles enhance wheat yield under combined heat and drought stress. Similarly, copper and zinc-based nanoparticles have reduced cadmium accumulation in wheat by up to 60% and improved photosynthetic efficiency under salinity stress. These outcomes highlight their potential not only as nutrient carriers but also as protective agents against environmental stressors. This review synthesizes recent advances in the green synthesis, mechanisms, and agricultural applications of nanobiofertilizers, emphasizing their dual role in improving crop productivity and promoting environmental sustainability.