<p>This study delves into the intricate factors that contribute to resistance against the adoption of waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies within the strategically important fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing (FVPSFM) industry of China. This sector is characterized by a significant presence of state-owned small and medium-sized enterprises primarily established within the last 10 years, generating varying levels of monthly food waste. Drawing upon innovation resistance theory, the research employs a quantitative approach, analyzing survey data collected from 256 managers within this sector using Smart-PLS 4. The study examines the impact of five distinct barriers on WtE resistance: usage barrier, value barrier, risk barrier, traditional barrier, and image barrier. The findings reveal significant positive relationships between WtE resistance and usage barrier (perceived difficulty of implementation), value barrier (unfavorable cost-benefit analysis), risk barrier (concerns about potential negative outcomes), and image barrier (worries about stakeholder perceptions). Notably, the hypothesized positive relationship between the traditional barrier (preference for established methods) and WtE resistance was not supported; instead, a significant negative relationship was observed, suggesting that organizations more inclined towards traditional practices exhibit lower resistance. The results highlight key resistance factors and the unexpected role of traditional practices. They offer valuable insights for policymakers and technology providers who seek to promote WtE adoption within this crucial segment of China’s food industry.</p>