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<p>Population growth, climate change, and overuse of chemicals are straining agriculture and reducing global crop yields. Light is a vital source for photosynthesis in which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Light-emitting Diodes (LEDs) are a type of lighting technology recognized for their energy-efficient features and ability to emit steady photons over an extended period. Here we discuss, the phosphor-converted LEDs that have emerged as a promising lighting solutions for indoor agriculture due to their spectral tunability and energy efficiency. In this review, we explore at the use of pc-LEDs in indoor crop production, investigating the impacts on plant growth and development. It also explains how phosphor conversion works, why specific light wavelengths matter for photosynthesis and plant structure, and how tailoring LED light spectra can support plants at different stages of growth. This review also explores the economic and environmental benefits of implementing phosphor-converted LEDs in indoor farming, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize sustainable food production systems. We hope this mini-review will provide a useful mechanistic framework for future analysis and open new avenues in agricultural research.</p> Graphical abstract <p>The Graphical Abstract explores the optimization of plant growth, potentially by comparing LED light intensities for indoor farming, and analyzing genes linked to desired traits. The figure is designed with Biorender.</p>

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Phosphor converted LED technologies as a sustainable lighting strategy to enhance indoor crop growth and agricultural productivity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Shahid Ullah Khan,
  • Osama Alam,
  • Shareef Gul,
  • Shengting Li,
  • Yonghai Fan,
  • Shah Saud,
  • Shah Fahad,
  • Kun Lu,
  • Tanzeel Ur Rahman,
  • Mahmood Hemat,
  • Taufiq Nawaz

摘要

Population growth, climate change, and overuse of chemicals are straining agriculture and reducing global crop yields. Light is a vital source for photosynthesis in which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Light-emitting Diodes (LEDs) are a type of lighting technology recognized for their energy-efficient features and ability to emit steady photons over an extended period. Here we discuss, the phosphor-converted LEDs that have emerged as a promising lighting solutions for indoor agriculture due to their spectral tunability and energy efficiency. In this review, we explore at the use of pc-LEDs in indoor crop production, investigating the impacts on plant growth and development. It also explains how phosphor conversion works, why specific light wavelengths matter for photosynthesis and plant structure, and how tailoring LED light spectra can support plants at different stages of growth. This review also explores the economic and environmental benefits of implementing phosphor-converted LEDs in indoor farming, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize sustainable food production systems. We hope this mini-review will provide a useful mechanistic framework for future analysis and open new avenues in agricultural research.

Graphical abstract

The Graphical Abstract explores the optimization of plant growth, potentially by comparing LED light intensities for indoor farming, and analyzing genes linked to desired traits. The figure is designed with Biorender.