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<p>This study pioneers the quantification of synergistic decarbonization effects from integrated Closed Loop supply chain (CLSC) and circular economy (CE) implementation in industrial brewing. Through precision engineering—including ± 1% flow-controlled wastewater treatment and 96.8% efficient carbon capture—Tsingtao Brewery achieved a 35.7% reduction in operational GHG intensity (Scope 1 and 2) and 8% water savings per unit output. The model’s replicability stems from three innovations: (1) Biomass recovery (5–8&#xa0;kg/1000 L beer) from hot break for organic fertilizer, (2) Industrial-grade CO<sub>2</sub> recycling during fermentation (diverting 11,048 tCO<sub>2</sub>-eq annually), (3) Policy-enabled packaging loops sustaining 90% glass reuse. Life cycle assessment identifies raw material procurement (42% of emissions) and aluminum packaging (10.12&#xa0;kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq/kg) as critical hotspots, with barley cultivation emissions exhibiting high variability (0.19–0.79&#xa0;kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq/kg; Monte Carlo uncertainty: ± 32%). Cross-industry benchmarking confirms Tsingtao’s carbon intensity (6.26&#xa0;kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq/kL) outperforms global averages (9.20&#xa0;kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq/kL) yet lags in aluminum recovery (26.7% vs. 35% sector leaders). We establish that Extended Producer Responsibility frameworks must extend upstream to agriculture to consolidate these gains, providing a transferable blueprint for achieving China’s dual carbon targets in resource-intensive sectors.</p>

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Closed loop supply chains enable carbon reduction and resource circularity in the brewing industry

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月9日

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  • Wu Hao,
  • Liu Lijing,
  • Qu Tianxiao,
  • Kim Hae-young

摘要

This study pioneers the quantification of synergistic decarbonization effects from integrated Closed Loop supply chain (CLSC) and circular economy (CE) implementation in industrial brewing. Through precision engineering—including ± 1% flow-controlled wastewater treatment and 96.8% efficient carbon capture—Tsingtao Brewery achieved a 35.7% reduction in operational GHG intensity (Scope 1 and 2) and 8% water savings per unit output. The model’s replicability stems from three innovations: (1) Biomass recovery (5–8 kg/1000 L beer) from hot break for organic fertilizer, (2) Industrial-grade CO2 recycling during fermentation (diverting 11,048 tCO2-eq annually), (3) Policy-enabled packaging loops sustaining 90% glass reuse. Life cycle assessment identifies raw material procurement (42% of emissions) and aluminum packaging (10.12 kg CO2-eq/kg) as critical hotspots, with barley cultivation emissions exhibiting high variability (0.19–0.79 kg CO2-eq/kg; Monte Carlo uncertainty: ± 32%). Cross-industry benchmarking confirms Tsingtao’s carbon intensity (6.26 kg CO2-eq/kL) outperforms global averages (9.20 kg CO2-eq/kL) yet lags in aluminum recovery (26.7% vs. 35% sector leaders). We establish that Extended Producer Responsibility frameworks must extend upstream to agriculture to consolidate these gains, providing a transferable blueprint for achieving China’s dual carbon targets in resource-intensive sectors.