Exploring the impacts of socioeconomic, political, and environmental determinants on life expectancy in ASEAN+3 nations
摘要
Reduced life expectancy is the result of various factors, including income inequality, poverty, inadequate access to education and healthcare facilities, poor governance, pollution, climate change-related risks, natural disasters, and a lack of access to clean water and sanitation. The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of socioeconomic, political, and environmental factors on life expectancy in the selected ASEAN+3 countries between 1995 and 2021. This study utilised the panel static method (pooled ordinary least square, fixed effect, and random effect), and the Hausman test will be used to select the appropriate estimator. The results indicate that both models demonstrate significant negative effects of the corruption perception index and CO2 emissions on life expectancy. However, labour income shows a positive and significant association with life expectancy in both models. Moreover, in developed countries, there is a positive and significant impact on life expectancy due to the interaction between the dummy country and the corruption perception index. Therefore, it is important to implement policies that promote the equitable distribution of wealth and ensure access to essential resources and services for all individuals. To ensure the efficient allocation of resources, promote accountability, and increase public trust in healthcare systems, it is necessary to implement effective governance procedures, increase transparency, and combat corruption. Enforcing environmental regulations to reduce pollution levels and promoting sustainable development practices are crucial. Besides, implementing measures to mitigate the impacts of climate change, including adaptation strategies and transitioning towards cleaner and renewable energy sources, is essential.