<p>In the search for renewable energy sources, industrial symbiosis (IS) is a vital model for sustainability and the circular economy. This study examined the implementation of IS practices at thermoelectric power plants (TPPs) across Brazil, analyzing the stages of implementation, types of exchanges, as well as environmental, social, and economic impacts. Using an exploratory, quantitative approach, questionnaires were distributed to 33 of the 103 TPPs in the country that use biomass. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and principal component analysis was performed to identify relationships among variables. The findings revealed that 64% of the TPPs employ IS practices with daily exchanges involving water, energy, and biomass. Larger TPPs and those in the pulp and paper sector demonstrated higher engagement and perceived more benefits. The main advantages reported were an increase in energy efficiency, improved resource utilization from an environmental perspective, social support for local development, and lower costs, resulting in greater economic competitiveness. The primary obstacle was geographic distance. In conclusion, industrial symbiosis in power plants fueled by biomass is a well-established and beneficial practice, with significant potential for advancing the circular economy. Proximity is a crucial factor for the success and efficiency of these networks.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>