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<p>To address urgent global issues such as food security, climate change, and environmental degradation, this review examines the necessary shift from traditional linear “take-make-waste” agricultural models to regenerative Circular Economy. The primary goal of this study is to assess the use of nanofertilizers as an innovative technological advancement to close the vital nutrient loops of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the agri-food system. The study evaluates the mechanistic pathways of nano-nutrient delivery through both root and foliar uptake, and summarises recent research on circularity metrics, particularly the Linear Flow Index and Material Circularity Indicator. Through evidence-based policy frameworks, such as India’s National Circular Economy Framework (NCEF) and the PM-PRANAM scheme, it assesses the global scalability of these systems and further investigates the interactions between nanoparticles and soil microbiomes. The study shows that NFs greatly outperform conventional fertilisers by increasing the Nutrient Use Efficiency to over 70–80%. By reducing nitrogen leaching and runoff up to 40%, their targeted application lowers environmental pollution. The study emphasises that “frugal innovation” and decentralised “Community Circularity Hubs” are crucial for effectively scaling these technologies in low-income areas. Conclusively, the integration of nano-enabled systems with quantifiable financial incentives and long-term sustainability metrics provides a strategic route to a regenerative and climate-resilient agricultural ecosystem.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Development of Circular Economy Based Ecosystem with Nanofertilizers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月8日

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  • Mita Rani Chanda,
  • Moumita Sil,
  • Arunava Goswami,
  • Rakesh Ghosh

摘要

To address urgent global issues such as food security, climate change, and environmental degradation, this review examines the necessary shift from traditional linear “take-make-waste” agricultural models to regenerative Circular Economy. The primary goal of this study is to assess the use of nanofertilizers as an innovative technological advancement to close the vital nutrient loops of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the agri-food system. The study evaluates the mechanistic pathways of nano-nutrient delivery through both root and foliar uptake, and summarises recent research on circularity metrics, particularly the Linear Flow Index and Material Circularity Indicator. Through evidence-based policy frameworks, such as India’s National Circular Economy Framework (NCEF) and the PM-PRANAM scheme, it assesses the global scalability of these systems and further investigates the interactions between nanoparticles and soil microbiomes. The study shows that NFs greatly outperform conventional fertilisers by increasing the Nutrient Use Efficiency to over 70–80%. By reducing nitrogen leaching and runoff up to 40%, their targeted application lowers environmental pollution. The study emphasises that “frugal innovation” and decentralised “Community Circularity Hubs” are crucial for effectively scaling these technologies in low-income areas. Conclusively, the integration of nano-enabled systems with quantifiable financial incentives and long-term sustainability metrics provides a strategic route to a regenerative and climate-resilient agricultural ecosystem.

Graphical Abstract