Review of Advances in Algae as an Energy Source
摘要
Algae biofuels are central to hard-to-electrify sectors like aviation's decarbonization, but scalability and cost remain challenges. This review addresses them by summarizing post-2020 advances in genetic engineering, biorefinery integration, and market trends driven by policy. Unlike other research, we introduce a first-of-its-kind Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) comparison (Figure 19), which locates algae biofuels' niche in high-value applications (e.g., sustainable aviation fuel) even at higher costs than solar/wind. We also highlight underappreciated synergies, such as algae-cement symbiosis (Figure 8) and bioplastics (Figure 13), that can reduce the production costs by 40%. By the synthesis of technical, economic, and regulatory intelligence, this work establishes a roadmap for scalable, policy-supported algae bioenergy systems.