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<p>The sustainability of school-based probability sampling in international youth crime research is threatened by declining school cooperation rates and complex consent requirements. The Fourth International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD4) introduced an internet-based sample to explore alternative data collection methods and assess if these surveys can complement school-based probability samples. Data were collected in 2023 following the ISRD4 Study Protocol. The school-based probability sample included 5873 students from 61 randomly selected schools, while the internet-based convenience sample consisted of 1216 respondents aged 16 to 21 recruited through schools and social media. We compared sample composition, data quality indicators, and the 12-month prevalence of victimization and offending using binary logistic regression models. The internet sample was skewed toward females (58% vs. 48%), older respondents, and Estonian speakers compared to the school sample. Internet respondents had fewer implausible values and missing data but performed worse on attention checks. Victimization patterns differed: internet respondents reported more online hate victimization but fewer incidents of assault and offline victimization. In terms of offenses, they reported higher rates of shoplifting and hacking, but lower rates of sharing intimate content. Internet-based samples capture different segments of the youth population than school-based surveys. While they may reach youth outside mainstream schooling and encourage more candid disclosures, their non-probability nature and demographic skew limit their effectiveness as direct substitutes. Hybrid designs combining both approaches may yield the most comprehensive measurements of youth crime.</p>

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School Versus Internet: Comparing Data Collection Modes in The Fourth International Self-Report Delinquency Study in Estonia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Anna Markina,
  • Rein Murakas

摘要

The sustainability of school-based probability sampling in international youth crime research is threatened by declining school cooperation rates and complex consent requirements. The Fourth International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD4) introduced an internet-based sample to explore alternative data collection methods and assess if these surveys can complement school-based probability samples. Data were collected in 2023 following the ISRD4 Study Protocol. The school-based probability sample included 5873 students from 61 randomly selected schools, while the internet-based convenience sample consisted of 1216 respondents aged 16 to 21 recruited through schools and social media. We compared sample composition, data quality indicators, and the 12-month prevalence of victimization and offending using binary logistic regression models. The internet sample was skewed toward females (58% vs. 48%), older respondents, and Estonian speakers compared to the school sample. Internet respondents had fewer implausible values and missing data but performed worse on attention checks. Victimization patterns differed: internet respondents reported more online hate victimization but fewer incidents of assault and offline victimization. In terms of offenses, they reported higher rates of shoplifting and hacking, but lower rates of sharing intimate content. Internet-based samples capture different segments of the youth population than school-based surveys. While they may reach youth outside mainstream schooling and encourage more candid disclosures, their non-probability nature and demographic skew limit their effectiveness as direct substitutes. Hybrid designs combining both approaches may yield the most comprehensive measurements of youth crime.