<p>Background. Religion has long served as a salient identity marker and a basis for social conflict, often making visibly religious individuals vulnerable to targeted violence. Despite growing scholarly attention to hate crime, few studies have examined how religiously motivated victimization and behavioral adaptation unfold across national contexts, particularly among young people. This study applies Routine Activity Theory to explore both risk exposure and post-victimization adaptation. Aims. This paper investigates religious hate crime victimization and subsequent adaptive behavior in four countries using a routine activity approach. We examine how various aspects of religious life and routine activities, such as identity visibility, public practice, and social networks, are associated with variation in the risk of experiencing religiously motivated threats or violence. Second, we assess the strategies reported by victims that may reflect efforts to manage perceived risk. Methods. Based on survey data from 4122 young adults, we compare risk and adaptation patterns across multiple national and religious contexts. Results. More visible religious expressions and public engagement are associated with a higher likelihood of victimization, while networks of co-religionists are linked to lower risk. Victimization is also associated with greater likelihood of risk reduction behaviors such as avoiding risky situations, carrying weapons, or relying on co-religionists for safety. Conclusion. The analysis contributes to Routine Activity Theory by highlighting associations between religious routines, identity markers, and perceived target visibility, as well as potential behavioral responses following victimization. Findings are consistent across countries, suggesting robust patterns of risk and adaptation with implications for theory, policy, and victim support.</p>