Impact of gender on residential energy preferences
摘要
This paper investigates gender-related patterns in residential energy preferences among Utah utility customers. The study defines energy preferences as stated attitudes, reported behaviors, and household technology choices related to energy reduction, perceived home efficiency, renewable-energy participation, and heating-fuel use. Drawing from gender socialization theory, environmental concern scholarship, and recent residential energy-transition literature, the paper examines whether gender remains associated with energy preferences when considered alongside demographic and household characteristics. Based on a 2022 survey of 1,209 Utah utility respondents, the study explores differences between males and females in terms of stated energy concern, reported energy-saving behavior, perceived home efficiency, and heating-source identification. Key observations include differences in marital status, age, length of residence, political identification, perceived home efficiency, reported year-over-year natural gas consumption, and reported electric versus natural gas water and space heating. Because the analysis primarily relies on bivariate chi-square tests and t-tests, the findings should be interpreted as descriptive associations rather than causal estimates. The paper therefore identifies a research gap: gender-based energy-preference studies require stronger integration of behavioral theory, value formation, and multivariate controls for age, education, income, housing tenure, household size, length of residence, and political identity. The findings suggest that gender may matter less as an isolated predictor than as part of a broader household, informational, and socio-demographic context.