<p>This article aims to propose and illustrate a pedagogical model for enhancing the teaching of philosophy by using formal system, particularly Gentzen’s natural deduction, as tools for fostering critical thinking and argument analysis. Starting from a humanistic perspective on philosophy education, it integrates formal logical methods into the curriculum to create a structured and rigorous framework that combines the historical and cultural approach typical of the humanistic tradition with the methodological precision of formal logic. The approach aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 4.1, which seeks to ensure that all students complete free, equitable, and quality education with effective learning outcomes by 2030. Integrating these methods can improve students’ analytical skills and may promote a deeper understanding of philosophical theories within their historical-cultural context. The approach has three main objectives to ensure the internal coherence of philosophical axioms, to assess their compatibility with empirical reality, and to apply this method to validate widely held beliefs. Concrete examples illustrate how this interdisciplinary model bridges philosophical inquiry and logical analysis, enriching both philosophy education and public discourse while aligning with contemporary educational practices focused on logical reasoning and evidence-based analysis. For an updated bibliography and to include a contemporary example, the analysis is extended to a current socio-political issue—the refusal of migrants—not with the aim of intervening in the debate as such, but rather to illustrate, for didactic purposes, how this methodology can be applied to cases drawn from public debate.</p>