<p>This study aims to examine how cultural norms, social institutions, historical contexts, and individual agency interact to influence the construction and transformation of gender roles. A qualitative research approach was adopted, with data collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions involving twenty participants from diverse gender, cultural, and socio-economic backgrounds. The study is grounded in structuralism, intersectionality, and agency-centered frameworks to explore the relationship between societal structures and individual autonomy. Thematic analysis, supported by NVivo software, was used to identify key patterns and themes within the data. The findings reveal that cultural norms and social institutions strongly reinforce traditional gender roles, while historical contexts sustain their continuity across time. At the same time, individuals exhibit varying levels of agency in resisting, negotiating, or reinforcing these norms through their lived experiences. However, this agency is often constrained by economic limitations, social pressures, and deeply embedded cultural biases. The study also highlights the evolving nature of gender discourse in the context of globalization and digital media, which has increased the visibility and acceptance of diverse gender identities. By integrating theoretical insights with empirical evidence, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of gender role formation and emphasizes the need for inclusive policies, gender-sensitive education, and media interventions.</p>