<p>The study provides a comprehensive assessment of current gender disparities in India’s labour market using unit-level data from Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2022-23. The study employed gender-disaggregated logit models, and OLS multiple regression model complemented by a Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition, to examine the determinants of labour force participation and earnings gaps respectively. The findings reveal significant gender-based disparities continue to persist. The socio-cultural factors remain major barriers to women’s entry in the labour force. Females in urban areas, belonging to socially advantaged sections, Islamic religious group, higher income households, and possessing higher educational level have significantly lower probability of being in labour force. On the earning side, labour market structures reinforce gender disparities. A substantial proportion of female workers are concentrated in the unpaid self-employed jobs or in occupations and industries marked by high gender-based earning gaps. Lower working hours among females emerged as the most significant gap-enhancing factor within the explained component of decomposition. The study recommends a two-pronged policy approach to narrow gender disparities. First, supply-side bottlenecks must be addressed for the females who are educationally, economically and socially advantaged to increase their participation. This will help reduce gender gaps in both labour force participation as well as earnings as females of these groups are more likely to be employed in higher paying jobs. Second, demand-side issues like human- and social-capital formation must be addressed for females from less privileged sections, who have higher labour force participation but lower earnings due to lack of technical and job-oriented skills.</p>