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<p>Air pollution is one of the most heated, debated and deliberated topics in relation to the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. Accelerated urbanization, industrialization, and significant surges in automobile numbers have profoundly impacted the region regarding air pollution. Delhi is one of the most polluted cities in India, exhibiting an air quality score exceeding 400, categorizing it as dangerous. Pollution results in significant health repercussions associated with cardiovascular and respiratory ailments. This study examines the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the educated people concerning air pollution, aiming to analyse their entire behavior using a composite KAP score. The present study employs both parametric (binary logistic regression) and non-parametric (Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman’s correlation) statistical methods to ascertain whether a correlation exists between the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, their individual responses to the KAPs, and their collective responses to all KAPs. We developed a self-administered questionnaire utilizing the Likert scale to gather data on various knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) related items. We evaluated the reliability and internal consistency of the instruments employing the Cronbach’s alpha method. The analysis included a total of 1233 respondents. The current study identifies a notable difference in the understanding of air pollution’s implications according to gender, geographic residence, and educational level. The results demonstrate that females exhibited a greater comprehension of the consequences of air pollution than males. The present study reveals that when the respondent’s age grows, there is a drop in general attitudes about air pollution. The study indicates that higher levels of education correlate with a marginal decrease in the overall behavior score (KAP combined). These findings are significant for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 11, which focuses on making cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. By assessing the awareness and behavioral responses of the educated population, the study contributes insights critical for formulating targeted urban air quality management policies and promoting citizen-led initiatives that support cleaner, healthier urban environments.</p>

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Towards sustainable urban living (SDG 11): a statistical analysis of educated citizens’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices about air pollution in Delhi, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Adnan Shakeel,
  • Nabiel Ansari,
  • Tasneem Shazli,
  • Shazada Ahmad,
  • Farid Ahmed,
  • Hasan Raja Naqvi

摘要

Air pollution is one of the most heated, debated and deliberated topics in relation to the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. Accelerated urbanization, industrialization, and significant surges in automobile numbers have profoundly impacted the region regarding air pollution. Delhi is one of the most polluted cities in India, exhibiting an air quality score exceeding 400, categorizing it as dangerous. Pollution results in significant health repercussions associated with cardiovascular and respiratory ailments. This study examines the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the educated people concerning air pollution, aiming to analyse their entire behavior using a composite KAP score. The present study employs both parametric (binary logistic regression) and non-parametric (Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman’s correlation) statistical methods to ascertain whether a correlation exists between the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, their individual responses to the KAPs, and their collective responses to all KAPs. We developed a self-administered questionnaire utilizing the Likert scale to gather data on various knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) related items. We evaluated the reliability and internal consistency of the instruments employing the Cronbach’s alpha method. The analysis included a total of 1233 respondents. The current study identifies a notable difference in the understanding of air pollution’s implications according to gender, geographic residence, and educational level. The results demonstrate that females exhibited a greater comprehension of the consequences of air pollution than males. The present study reveals that when the respondent’s age grows, there is a drop in general attitudes about air pollution. The study indicates that higher levels of education correlate with a marginal decrease in the overall behavior score (KAP combined). These findings are significant for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 11, which focuses on making cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. By assessing the awareness and behavioral responses of the educated population, the study contributes insights critical for formulating targeted urban air quality management policies and promoting citizen-led initiatives that support cleaner, healthier urban environments.